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LIVINGSTONE 
THE PATHFINDER 




ROUND A CAMP-FIRE 

*' Their eyes were fixed on a brown Makololo warrior" 



LIVINGSTONE 

THE PATHFINDER 



BY 

I 

BASIL MATHEWS 

Author of 
The Fascinated Child and The Splendid Quest 



WITH SEVENTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS BY 

ERNEST PRATER 

TWENTY-FOUR OTHER PICTURES AND PHOTOGRAPHS 
AND THREE MAPS 



I9I2 

Missionary Education Movement of the 
United States and Canada 

New York 



^t^^ 



COPYRIGHT, 1912, BY 

MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT OF THE 

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 



(gC!,A330732 



CONTENTS 



Round a Forest Camp-fire 

I The Boy in the Mill 

II The Smoke of a Thousand Villages 

III Under the Lion's Paw 

IV The Queen of the Wagon 
V How the Children Saw the Lake 

VI The Pathfinder 

VII By Canoe and Forest Track . 

VIII ^'The Forest Perilous" . 

IX '^Sounding Smbke" . 

X Facing Poisoned Arrows 

XI The Smoke of Burning Villages 

XII On the Slave Trail . 

XIII Spears in the Bush . 

XIV The Last Trail 
In the Forest of Heroes 



PAGE 

3 
II 

21 

33 
49 
65 
75 
87 
105 
119 

133 
147 
159 
175 
185 
199 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

Round a camp-fire Frontispiece 

PAGE 

The room in Blantyre where David Livingstone lived as 

a boy . . . . : 4- 

Ruins of the mill at Blantyre, where Livingstone worked 

as a boy . . . ir 

"He bought a Latin grammar with a part of his first 

week's wages" ........ i6 

A steamer on the Clyde in Livingstone's day . . 21 

"On the Broomielaw quay father and son said good- 

by" 28 

A Bechuana village, South Africa 33 

"The creaking wagon drawn by a long team of great 

oxen" 34 

"He caught my shoulder as he sprang" ... 44 
An African village stockade . . . . . -49 

Preparing the feast in an African village ... 52 

"The children came in sight of the lake which their 

father had discovered" 65 

African boys holding elephant tusks .... 66 

Teaching the teachers 70 

"The procession winding its way along the path" . 75 

Livingstone preaching to the Makololo .... 80 

"The white pelican with his long beak and great pouch" 87 
Part of Livingstone's own map of the union of the 

Chobe and Zambezi rivers ...... 8g 

An African fetish-image with basket of food ... 98 

"Sinbad stumbled in a hole in the bed of the river" 100 

"Where the crocodiles splash" 105 

vii 



Vlll 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



The Forest Perilous ... . . . . 

A baby hippopotamus riding on his mother's back 
"Livingstone was the first white man who ever saw 
'Sounding Smoke.' He named it Victoria Falls" 

"The mother-elephant placed herself between the men 

and her calf" . 

"He let them listen to the ticking of his watch" 
The Ma-Robert on the Zambezi 
*'He went to see Queen Victoria" . 

The Pioneer 

"Away she went like an arrow" 
"Grass that towered over their heads" 

Slavery 

The vastest and most mysterious country on 
Making furniture instead of breaking heads 
An African python — over ten feet in length 
"A large spear grazed Livingstone's back" 

"I read the whole Bible through four times whilst I 
was in Manyuema" .... 

Stanley finds Livingstone 

"Under the eaves of that roof in Ujiji " 

" He entered the hut" .... 

"Bearing him shoulder high" . 

The tombstone in Westminster Abbey . 

Westminster Abbey, London . 

A Christian setting a slave free at a mission station 

Livingstone's Journeys in Africa .... 



the earth 



PAGE 
IIO 

119 



120 

124 
128 
133 
134 
147 
152 

159 

162 

167 

168 
175 

178 

180 

182 

185 

192 

194 

196 

199 

200 

End 



ROUND A FOREST CAMP-FIRE 



Beseeching all . . . that shall see and read 
in this said book and work, that they take the 
good and honest acts in their remembrance, 
and to follow the same. Wherein they shall 
find many joyous and pleasant stories and 
noble and renowned acts of humanity, gentle- 
ness, and chivalries. 

Caxton's Preface to Malory's Le MorteD' Arthur. 



ROUND A FOREST CAMP-FIRE 

The dancing flames of a camp-fire on the edge 
of an African forest threw leaping shadows of men 
on the dark background of trees. The silence of 
its depths was broken by the roar of a lion, the 
splash of a hippopotamus in the river close by, and 
the crash of falling trees in the path of an elephant. 
But the strange band of men around the night fire 
did not heed these noises. 

Their eyes were fixed on a brown Makololo 
warrior, who stood, with the firelight full on his 
face, telling them of the wonderful deeds of daring 
in war and of craft in hunting which the great 
fathers of his tribe had done in the old days. He 
told of a great Makololo chief who in battle with 
another tribe had fought on and slain a score of 
men, though covered with wounds from the spears 
of his enemies; and alone had slain a lion that 
ravaged the cattle of the tribe. 

As he finished the story the other Makololo 
braves clapped their hands and looked to their Great 
White Leader, who smiled to thank the tale-teller. 

One by one the Makololo men lay down under 
the little sheds that they had quickly made from 
the boughs of the trees. They rolled themselves 

3 



4 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

up in the skins of beasts and slept. But the White 
Leader, whom they had followed for a thousand 
miles along the rivers and through the forests, sat 
on, gazing into the red embers of the fire. His face 
was brown and strong, and no man had ever seen 
fear in his blue-gray eyes. His left arm hung stiffly 
by his side, and could not be lifted without pain, 
because of the shattered bone and the eleven great 
tooth-marks left there by a lion. 

As he sat there, thinking of the stories of hunting 
adventures and of tribal war told that night by his 
brown fellow-camper, the African forest, the gleam 
of the moon on the river, and the dark forms of his 
Makololo companions faded from his eyes. 

He saw another picture of other people sitting 
round a fire. These were his young brothers and 
his sisters, with himself — a raw, loose-limbed, mill- 
boy — all sitting round the hearth at home in Scot- 
land listening with wide-open eyes to their shaggy- 
haired grandfather, as with flashing eyes he told 
stories, strangely like these African tales; stories of 
the wild, fighting Highlanders, and the brave suf- 
ferings of the old Scottish covenanting heroes. 

Across the White Leader's memory there came 
pictures of the adventures and perils that lay 
between the days when he had heard, as a boy, 
the tales of his grandfather and this night when he 
listened — a strong and fearless man — to stories told 
in a strange tongue in the tangled forest in Africa. 



ROUND A FOREST CAMP-FIRE 5 

He saw himself saying goocl-by to his father 
at Glasgow, to sail across thousands of miles of 
ocean, and trek in his ox-wagon over hundreds of 
miles of African soil. He remembered the building 
of three houses with his own hands on the African 
plains, the years of life under the blazing sun, 
healing black children who were ill, teaching their 
fathers to read, to worship God, and to dig canals 
that would carry water to their parched gardens. 
His right hand clenched as he saw again the fight 
with the lion, and the hunting of the ostrich, the 
antelope, and the buffalo for food. 

The White Man Who Would Go On remembered, 
between the far-off days in the Scottish home and 
this African camp-fire, tramping thousands of miles 
on foot, riding on ox-back and in ox-wagon, cross- 
ing the blistering, sandy stretches of the Kalahari 
desert, and reaching the shores of a lake which no 
white man had ever seen before. 

He had traveled in canoes hollowed by savages 
from the trunks of trees, and had sat on board a 
rough raft, while his African companions chanted 
quaint melodies, as they paddled along the steam- 
ing river. There the hippopotamus would suddenly 
thrust his back and nose like some volcanic island 
out of the water and glare at them with beady eyes. 

From his canoe and raft he had watched the 
banks fringed with dense masses of reeds, where 
birds '' jerked and wriggled . . . with splash, gug- 



6 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

gle, jump, as if rare fun were going on in their 
uncouth haunts." On the banks he had seen 
gorgeous butterflies fluttering among the flowers of 
the purple convolvulus, and ^chattering monkeys 
swinging by hand and foot and tail from the 
creepers that, like giant serpents, twined round the 
trees and festooned the arches of the forest. 

He had trudged along under those tree-arches 
and across the plain, mile after mile for month after 
month, homeless and lonely, yet happy in every 
fresh strange sight that met him. He was often 
footsore and with clothes torn to shreds by the 
" wait-a-bit " thorns of the desert. He reveled in 
the sheer joy of walking, that toned his body to 
splendid trim and strengthened his muscles till they 
were like steel cable in their tireless strength. 
Again and again he had been in desperate peril 
from savage beasts and from wild men, who had 
always hated all people beyond their own tribe till 
they looked in his brave eyes. 

Nothing could stop the Pathfinder of Africa, the 
hero-scout, till he had ended his quest. 

Yes, without cheer of sister or of daughter, 
Yes, without stay of father or of son, — 

Lone on the land and homeless on the water — 
Pass I in patience till my work be done. 

He roused himself and cast some fresh wood on 
the fire. As it glowed, then caught and flickered 



ROUND A FOREST CAMP-FIRE 7 

into flame, he opened a tin case and took from it 
a leather-bound book. Then he sat down again, 
and, by the light of the fire, read in the book. 
When he had read, this Hero-Pathfinder knelt 
down, as he always did when speaking with the 
Father for whom he was opening the path into 
Africa. 

Then he, too, rolled himself up in his camp- 
blanket and slept, while the camp-fire, gleaming in 
the dark like a great eye, frightened away the wild 
beasts that prowled and howled in the forest. 

The Makololo had told his companions around 
the camp-fire the legends of the mighty men of their 
tribe. The world has no greater hero than this 
dauntless and chivalrous pathfinder. We, too, are 
going to sit round our camp-fire and hear the story 
of this fearless scout on- his perilous and heroic 
quest. 



CHAPTER I 

THE BOY IN THE MILL 



A poor knight, Balin, called unto her and 
said, Damosel, I pray you suffer me as well 
to assay (to pull the sword out of the sheath) ; 
though I be so poorly clothed meseemeth in my 
heart to speed right well. The Dam.osel be- 
held the knight, but because of his poor clothes 
she thought he should be of no worship. 

Ah! fair Damosel, said Balin, worthi- 
ness and good qualities and good deeds are 
not only in clothes, but manhood and worship 
is hid within man's person, and many a wor- 
shipful knight is not known unto all people. 
Then Balin took the sword and drew it out 
easily. 

Malory, Le Morte U Arthur, Book ii, Ch. xi. 




1 

RUINS OF THE MILL AT BLANTYRE, WHERE LIVINGSTONE \VORKEI> 

AS A BOY 



CHAPTER I 



THE BOY IN THE MILL 



It was a wintry night in a village called Blantyre, 
in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The roar of water filled 
the darkness, as the River Clyde poured over the 
breakwater which guided a part of the swollen 
stream into the race that drove the machinery of 
the cotton-mill on its left bank. The river rolled 
on, under the blinking windows of the houses where 
the work-people lived, on its way toward Glasgow 
and the sea. 

Behind one of those windows, in a cozy little 
room, a group of boys and girls clustered round an 
old Highlander, their grandfather — the youngest 
on his knee. It was almost time for them to be 
in bed, but they clamored for a story. 



II 



12 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

'' Tell us about great-grandfather and the fight," 
they cried. 

The father, Neil Livingstone, quietly reading a 
book, looked up as the children eagerly waited for 
the reply. 

*' Yes, tell the bairns," said their mother, Agnes, 
who, sitting at the fireside, with candle on the table, 
busy 

. . . wi' her needle and her shears, 

Gar'd auld claes look amaist as weel 's the new.^ 

The grandfather then started to tell for the 
fortieth time the tale of his father at Culloden. He 
told them — proudly, but sadly — how his father, 
fighting on the side of the ancient line of kings — 
had swung his deadly claymore in defense of Prince 
Charlie, and had helped to win one battle after 
another in the Highlands. But at last on Culloden 
Moor, one spring morning, the army of King 
George in all its force broke the ranks and spirit 
of the wild Highlanders, and slew these children's 
brave great-grandfather, who preferred death to 
flight. 

The mother would then tell them, with a smile 
and a shake of her head at their father, that her 

1 Made old clothes look almost as good as new. 

Burns, "The Cotter's Saturday Night." 
When David Livingstone was in Africa he used to repeat this 
poem to himself to call back the picture of what his old home 
in Scotland was like. 



THE BOY IN THE MILL 13 

grandfather was on the other side from his grand- 
father in the fierce struggle that made Scotland 
wretched in the old days. 

" Your father's people fought and harried my 
people," she would tell them, " but now we are all 
one family." 

So the children would sit around her and gaze 
into her face, which they ahvays believed was the 
most beautiful in the world. Then Mother would 
tell them about when she was a girl and the days 
long before that, when her grandfather was a young 
man. 

" Your great-grandfather's name," she would tell 
them, '' was Gavin Hunter, and he lived in the 
' cruel, killing times ' of the Covenanters. These 
people, because they wished to be free to worship 
God in the way they thought best, were driven out 
on to the moors and the wild hills, and were killed 
or thrown into prison. They came together on 
those high moorlands, 'mang the heather, and often 
with snow on the ground and their hair blown in 
the wintry wind. 

" There they read and spoke and prayed as they 
worshiped God. Sometimes as they did so one of 
them, placed on the lookout, would see dragoons 
on horseback galloping across the brown or purple 
heather, who would charge among them, killing or 
carrying off to prison both men and women. That 
will never happen again in Scotland." 



14 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Sometimes, but not very often, the father would 
tell the children of their two uncles who, far away 
in Spain, had fought in the battles of Britain, and 
how the great battle of Waterloo had ended the 
fight '' two years after our little Davie was born." 
In the village it was thought a very wonderful 
thing that some of their very own people should 
have been in that war. How surprised they would 
have been to know that this boy Davie, now work- 
ing in their own cotton-mill, would, when he grew 
up, do alone mighty feats that would make more 
difference to the world than all the battles in which 
his uncles fought in Spain! 

Then grandfather would tell them how, in the 
rocky island of Ulva, out where the great Atlantic 
rollers boom and break on the rugged coasts of the 
Hebrides, he and his father and grandfathers for 
centuries had lived and farmed. 

Among the children in the little home (for there 
were three boys and two girls) the one who was 
best at games and liveliest at the table was David. 
He was born on March 19, 18 13. He had beau- 
tiful blue-gray eyes like his mother — but, unlike her, 
he had a very strong, healthy body. His father, 
Neil Livingstone, earned his living by selling tea. 
He was also a Sunday-school teacher, and was so 
fond of books that he was always reading in the 
evenings at home. 

David and his brothers and sisters would play 



THE BOY IN THE MILL 15 

in the summer-time in the fields among " the happy 
hills of hay." And at the different times of year 
they played such games as " rounders," the old form 
of baseball, '' smugglers," " hide-and-seek," and 
'* bools," as marbles are called in Scotland. 

The father used to shut the door soon after 
sunset, and made a rule that all his children must 
be home from play before the door was closed. One 
evening, after it was bolted, little David, who had 
forgotten how late it was because he was enjoying 
his play so much, came home and found the door 
barred. 

He did not cry nor hammer at the door, but 
getting a piece of bread from a neighbor, sat down 
to go to sleep for the night on the doorstep. So 
when his mother began to look anxiously for David, 
she found him there. 

The day came when David grew to be ten years 
old. His father and mother were quite poor, so, 
at that early age, little David started the journeys 
of his life by buttoning up his jacket, putting on 
his Scotch bonnet, and trudging off in the gray 
dawn, to earn his living at the Blantyre cotton-mill, 
a boy not more than ten years old working among 
big, grown men. 

When David reached the mill each day at six in 
the morning, he went to the cotton-spinning frame 
that he had to watch. It had great whirling reels 
of cotton with the thread stretching from one part 



i6 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

of the machine to the other. Every now and then 
the cotton-threads would break, and David's work 
was to seize hold of the two ends of the cotton and 
tie them together again. This was a simple piece 
of work, and it was not very exciting, going on 
from six in the morning till eight at night. Few 
men have now so long a working day. 

David's brain itself was like a busy machine 
spinning threads. The work of his head was as 
thorough as that of his fingers. He never left any 
loose broken ends in his thought-threads. Those 
that he started when he was ten stretched on as he 
grew up and went with him into far lands. To give 
his brain some thread to work upon, he took a book 
with him when he went to the mill and propped it 
upon the top of the spinning-frame. As he walked 
from one end of the frame to the other he would 
snatch a moment to read a sentence, or take a look 
at, say, the Latin feminine first declension, and then 
think over it as he worked. You can imagine him 
at his work saying to himself mensa (a table), 
menscc, nieiisce, mensam, and so on; or amo, anias, 
amat, as he learned his Latin by heart. For he had 
bought a Latin grammar at a bookshop in Blantyre 
with a part of his very first week's wages. The rest 
of these wages he gave to his mother. 

When he had finished his day's work at the 
mill, he went at eight o'clock at night to school to 
work at his books with a teacher. Even after that 




"he bought a latin grammar with a part of his first 
week's wages" 



THE BOY IN THE MILL 17 

he would sit at home glued to the book that he was 
reading, until his mother would jump up, some- 
times as late as midnight, shut up his books, blow 
out his candle, and pack him off to bed. 

On a holiday David with his brothers would go 
off on a long scouting ramble, clambering over 
rocks along the river bank to search for ferns and 
mosses, roaming over the fields and hillsides looking 
for beetles and butterflies, jumping down into 
quarries, collecting shells, or strolling along the 
riverside, bathing or fishing. 

One day when they had fished for quite a long 
time David caught a salmon. It was against the 
law to keep it. But he could not bring himself to 
throw it back into the river. So he slipped it down 
the leg of his brother Charlie's trousers. The vil- 
lagers of Blantyre were very sympathetic with the 
boy as he passed with his poor, swollen leg ! David 
and his brothers in this way enjoyed scouting all 
over the hills and valleys, streams and woods 
around Blantyre. The rambles helped to make him 
strong and able to walk a long way without getting 
tired. 

When he was eighteen years old his master took 
him away from the " piecing " work of joining the 
ends of broken thread and raised him to the full 
position of a spinner. This was very much harder 
work, but it was well-paid work, and he wanted to 
earn more money because he had begun to weave his 



i8 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

threads into a plan — a most difficult and fascinating 
plan. 

He had made up his mind to obey his great Hero- 
Leader and sail away to a far-off land on a won- 
derful quest. 



CHAPTER II 

THE SMOKE OF A THOUSAND 
VILLAGES 



Before a cross saw they a knight armed all 
in white. He said: Galahad, sir, ye have been 
long enough with your father. . . . Go where 
adventures shall lead thee in quest of the 
Holy Grail. Then he went to his father and 
kissed him sweetly, and said: Fair sweet 
father, I wot not when I shall see you more 
till I see the body of Jesu Christ. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthur, Book xvii, Ch. xiv. 



CHAPTER II 

THE SMOKE OF A THOUSAND 
VILLAGES 

A BOY or a girl, rambling 
with friends, jumping ditches 
and climbing trees, walking 
to school or work, has many 
more thoughts than grown- 
up people guess. ]\Iany of 
us have day-dreams — we im- 
agine ourselves to be 
pirates or nurses, 
princesses or railway 
conductors, explor- 
ers, or damsels in 
distress being res- 
cued by knights in 
shining armor. We 
wonder what we 
shall be when we 
grow up. 

While David was 
spinning cotton at 
the mill his busy 
brain was spinning wonder-threads, and weaving 




A STEAMER ON THE CLYDE IN LIV- 
INGSTONE'S DAY 



21 



22 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

from them a magic carpet that carried him over 
oceans and many strange lands. 

This wishing-carpet carried him in imagination 
to wonderful places. Some of them never, never 
were, nor ever will be. Other journeys made him 
the king of castles-in-the-air — all make-believe and 
magic. But the magic travel that he loved most 
and enjoyed oftenest was across Europe and 
Persia, the Himalayas and Burma, to the country 
of the '' Celestials," the yellow people who thought 
their land was the middle kingdom of the world — 
the Chinese. 

David had heard of a brave man with the strange 
name of Gutzlaff. Gutzlaff went to these yellow 
people, dressed like them in Chinese clothes, gave 
them books to read, healed the bodies of those who 
were sick or wounded, while he told them the story 
of the love of Jesus. So Gutzlaff, the doctor mis- 
sionary in China, became the hero of David, the 
boy in Scotland, now growing to be a young man 
as he worked at his spinning-frame. If David had 
been told by some wizard, ^' Ask what you would 
most of all wish in the world, and you shall have 
it," he would certainly have answered quite quickly, 
" To go to China and work with Dr. Gutzlaff and 
be like him." 

David Livingstone had already made a discovery. 
He found that Gutzlaff himself had a Hero, who 
had come to people as a healer and a missionary. 



SMOKE OF A THOUSAND VILLAGES 27, 

and who had led Gutzlaff out to China. David had 
been taught all about this great Physician. He had 
learned to say his name, even when a little boy, as 
he knelt at night by his mother's knee to speak to 
Jesus in his evening prayers. Now that he had 
become an older boy, soon to be a young man, 
David felt that the finest thing in the whole world 
for him was to follow in the same way and be 
a medical missionary. He said to himself : 

" The great God had an only Son, and he was 
sent to earth as a missionary physician. It is 
something to be a follower in the w^ake of a great 
teacher and the only model missionary that ever 
appeared among men." 

That was David's quest — that was his plan. But 
how could he, the spinner-youth, whose father and 
mother were poor, be what he wished ? Money was 
needed; for to be a physician meant passing through 
years of training. 

There was no good fairy to wave a wand and 
make everything come as he wished. David saw 
that he must be his own wizard. We shall see how 
he made his good wish come true. 

When he had made up his mind to go out to the 
strange far-off land to tell the story of the good 
Physician to those people who had never heard it, 
he did not at once tell everybody. He just talked 
about it with his father and mother and his minister. 
All three were glad. His mother's shining eyes 



24 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

would show the pain and pride that mothers feel 
when their sons go far away from home for the first 
time to face perils. It was just as brave of her to 
be glad to give up her son as it was of him to set 
his face toward so great an adventure. 

Around the fire in the house at Blantyre, David 
talked over his plans with his father and mother. 

^' I will work at the spinning all through the 
summer," he said, " and, if I save my wages care- 
fully, that will give me enough money to keep my- 
self in Glasgow in the winter, while I go to the 
lectures." 

One winter's day, when the snow lay white and 
crisp on the fields and hedges, Neil Livingstone, the 
father, and his son David left their Blantyre home 
and trudged along the frosty road to Glasgow. 
They walked together along the seven miles of road, 
sometimes silent, sometimes talking of how David 
would live as a student or of the price he must 
pay for the lodgings which they were now going 
to find. 

They found very cheap lodgings after much 
trudging and knocking at many doors, and the 
father walked back home leaving his young son 
alone. The next day David went out and paid the 
£i2 ^ that he had saved up as fees for the lectures, 
and at night wrote to one of his friends saying how 
very lonely he felt now his father had gone. But he 

1 Nearly $60. 



SMOKE OF A THOUSAND VILLAGES 25 

said, " I must put a stout heart to a stey brae." ^ 

One day the young student David stood in Glas- 
gow with a letter in his hand addressed to the 
London Missionary Society. In that letter he had 
written offering himself to the society for service 
in the foreign field. He posted it, and the answer 
came asking hiri to go up to London to see the 
directors. 

What excitement for the young student as for 
the first time, in 1838, he walked the streets of 
London and saw the wonderful sights ! 

He went on one of those days into the stately 
Abbey Church at Westminster, where great kings 
and knights and saints — the heroes of Britain — 
lie buried. He thought as he gazed at the many- 
colored windows and the marble monuments how 
splendid it would be to have done such deeds as 
theirs. He did not know, nor would any one have 
imagined, watching the dark-haired, sturdy-looking 
student as he stood there in the Abbey nave, that 
one day the whole vast place would be thronged 
in every corner with the greatest men in the land, 
while the world would mourn for Livingstone him- 
self, as his body was carried there to its last rest 
under that very roof. 

Livingstone was told by the directors of the 
London Missionary Society that they wished him 
to go through a course of training at a place called 

1 A stiff hill. 



26 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Chipping Ongar, near London, and that if he went 
through that course well they would accept him as 
a missionary. While there he had the following 
little adventure, which showed the pluck which was 
afterwards to carry him over thousands of miles of 
land and water, through marsh and forest, desert 
and tempest. 

One foggy morning in November, before the sun 
had risen, he left the house at Ongar to walk all 
the way to London to see one of his father's rela- 
tives. In the dense mist and the pitchy darkness 
he left the road and fell into the ditch, which soiled 
his clothes. Picking himself up he started again 
to go on with his walk of twenty-seven miles to 
London. When he got there his relative took him 
about the streets to see the sights. 

Later in the day Livingstone, having already 
walked well over thirty miles, started to trudge the 
twenty-seven miles back to Ongar. He had not 
gone far on the Great North Road when he dis- 
covered on the roadside, near Edmonton, a lady 
lying faint. She had been thrown out of a gig as 
she drove along, and was stunned by the fall. With 
help Livingstone carried her to a house close by, 
he examined her as a doctor, and, already more 
than tired out, he restarted on his walk. 

Some miles farther on he missed his way in the 
darkness. Hardly able to drag one foot after the 
other, his whole being cried out for sleep, but he 



SMOKE OF A THOUSAND VILLAGES 27 

knew he dare not lie down on the roadside on that 
raw November night. He staggered on, found a 
direction post, cHmbed it as if it were a tree, and 
by the hght of the stars managed to read the names 
on it and get back to the right road. 

He reached Ongar again at midnight, twenty-one 
hours after he had started, having walked sixty 
miles. He was dead tired, and as white as a sheet. 
After taking a basin of bread and milk made by his 
fellow student, who helped him into bed, he slept 
without moving for twelve hours. 

While at Ongar, Livingstone used to go for ram- 
bles with a boy called Isaac Taylor, who wrote, 
forty years later : 

" I remember his step, the characteristic forward- 
tread, firm, simple, resolute, neither fast nor slow, 
no hurry and no dawdle, but which evidently meant 
getting there." 

As another man who knew him at that time said, 
'' Fire, water, stone wall would not stop Living- 
stone." 

Suddenly, however, his path seemed to be stopped 
as by '' fire, water, and stone wall." At the very 
time he was ready to start, a horrible war broke 
out in China, the land to which he w^as to go. What 
should he do? 

At a missionary meeting he heard, and he after- 
wards met, a mighty man, tall and strong, with 
great flowing beard, firm face, and kindly piercing 



^8 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

eyes-^Robert Moffat. Moffat had come back from 
the broad plains and hills of Africa — Africa, the 
vastest and most mysterious country on the earth, 
its heart then absolutely unknown. People used to 
think that the interior of Africa was a desert. And 
the African maps were one big blank in the middle, 
with no towns or mountains or rivers to learn about. 
In fact, in the old time, 

Geographers in Afric maps 
With savage pictures fill their gaps, 
And o'er unhabitable downs 
Place elephants for want of towns, 

Moffat, speaking of Africa, said to Livingstone: 
" There is a vast plain to the north where I have 
sometimes seen, in the morning sun, the smoke of 
a thousand villages where no missionary has ever 
been." 

Livingstone replied : " I will go at once to 
Africa." 

The directors of the London Missionary Society 
agreed. He traveled from London through the 
November days to Scotland — to Blantyre — home. 
He could spend only one night there before he 
sailed. 

" Let us sit up all night," said David. 

" No," said his mother, who had so often made 
him as a boy close his books at midnight and go to 
Led, " you must rest." 

At five o'clock on that next morning, November 




"ON THE BROOMIELAW QUAY FATHER AND SON SAID GOOD-BY" 



SMOKE OF A THOUSAND VILLAGES 29. 

17, 1840, the family got up. His mother put the 
kettle on the fire and made coffee. David took the 
Book and read in the 121st Psalm, to cheer his 
mother and father as they would be thinking of 
him in Africa: 

The sun shall not smite thee by day, 

Nor the moon by night. . . . 
The Lord shall preserve thy going out and th)'' coming in 
From this time forth, and even for evermore. 

His sisters and his mother kissed him. His 
father, dressed in his best, started out and walked 
all the way to Glasgow with David. On the 
Broomielaw quay father and son said good-by. 

The father turned back to Blantyre: the son 
walked firmly up the gangway on board ship. They 
never saw each other again. 



CHAPTER III 
UNDER THE LION'S PAW 



When she saw Sir Percivale she said: Who 
brought you in this wilderness where ye be 
never like to pass hence, for ye shall die here 
of hunger? Damosel, said Sir Percivale, I 
serve Christ, the best Man in the world, and 
in his service he will not suffer me to die, for 
who that knocketh shall enter, and who that 
asketh shall have, and who that seeketh him 
he hideth not. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthur^ Book xiv, Ch. viii. 




A BECHUANA VILLAGE, SOUTH AFRICA 



CHAPTER III 
UNDER THE LION'S PAW 

It was midnight on board the George. The moon 
hung high in the clear sky over the tropical sea. 
The long roll of the Atlantic Ocean made the ship's 
masts swing to and fro across the moon's face. 

A cool night-breeze after the blazing heat of the 
day gave much gladness to two men who sat be- 
fore some strange-looking instruments. One was 
the master of the George, Captain Donaldson; the 
other was David Livingstone. David, who was like 
any boy for asking questions of captains, was find- 
ing out from Captain Donaldson how to work out 
exactly where his ship was on the pathless ocean, 
by looking at the moon and stars by means of those 
curious brass instruments and then working out 
sums. 

33 



34 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

" But do you need to know all this ? You are not 
going to be a sailor," Captain Donaldson might say 
to Livingstone, '' you are going to Africa to be a 
missionary — a man with a house and a garden and 
a church. The Africans with whom you live will 
tell you how to find your way." 

To such a question you can imagine Livingstone 
replying : 

" Moffat told me of a great plain where he saw 
the smoke of a thousand villages and no white man 
had been there — and north of that is desert, and 
north of the desert no man knows. It may be that 
I shall go where no white man has gone. I should 
be in that trackless desert and in the forest as a 
ship in the pathless sea, unless I know how to tell 
my path with such instruments as these — and those 
stars." 

So they sailed on always southward across the 
equator, Livingstone learning as he w^ent. 

" Algoa," cried the sailors on the George as the 
ship, after calling at Cape Town and rounding the 
Cape of Good Hope, came in view of Algoa Bay, 
where the Atlantic ends and the Indian Ocean be- 
gins. Here Livingstone landed and started inland. 
For three months he had rolled in the ship on the 
ocean. Now for seven hundred miles he was to 
jolt over the African veldt, in a great ox- wagon, 
or to ride on horseback. 



UNDER THE LION'S PAW 35 

He enjoyed it all like a boy going on his first 
camping holiday, though it was full of unexpected 
difficulties and provoking accidents. The creaking 
wagon, drawn by a long team of great oxen, toiled 
up the highlands of South Africa, over rough 
mountains, where often they could hardly move 
along, and down to the Orange river. In the ford 
there the great wagon stuck fast; the oxen got into 
disorder, some with their heads to the wagon where 
their tails ought to have been, and others twisting 
and rolling as though they wanted to turn the 
wagon upside down. At last, after much shouting 
and cracking of whips, they straightened out, 
started again, and toiled up the opposite bank of 
the river. 

Sometimes they had to urge the tired oxen on to 
do an extra hour's hard pulling. For, whatever 
happened, they must trek each day across the rocky 
veldt far enough to reach some stream or water-pit. 
At last one would shout '' A vlei " (a large water 
pool), and the thirsty oxen w^ould hurry on as they 
sniffed the water. 

Then the order was given to outspan and go into 
camp for the night. The men rushed to the oxen 
to unyoke them. One went off among the bushes 
in search of dry wood, while another started a small 
fire on which the wood was thrown. The blaze 
leaped up and licked with its flame the great kettle 
of water which was slung over it. A piece of one 



36 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

of the springboks (antelopes) that had been shot 
during the day was hung over the red, glowing 
sticks of the fire, and in less than half an hour, as 
the sun set and the cold African night followed the 
blazing day, the travelers were sipping hot coffee 
and quite ready for their evening meal. 

Yarns were told around the camp-fire, with talk 
of the adventures of the day that had gone and the 
plans for to-morrow; till, tired and sleepy, Living- 
stone and his companions lay down for the night — 
he on the kartel (bed) in the wagon and the men 
in their blankets on the ground. 

Early in the cool morning, after a hot pannikin 
(cup) of delicious coffee, the oxen were inspanned 
and the wagon rolled onward. For four or five hours 
the oxen would tug at the yokes, till, when the sun 
blazed in mid-sky, they all stopped for a rest. A 
meal, quickly cooked, was eaten in the shade of the 
wagon. Then they would start again and creak and 
jolt across the wide rolling veldt, till the cry " Wa- 
ter " was again the signal to outspan for the night. 

At last they rolled along to Kuruman, where 
Robert Moffat lived when in Africa. At this time 
he was still at home in England on furlough. 
Kuruman, once a lonely, bare, and scrubby spot, had 
been made a pleasant place with fruit trees, vines, 
and gardens. 

Two miles away, at the foot of a bare hillside, a 
fountain of water bursts out of the dry rock, pour- 



UNDER THE LION'S PAW 37 

ing down a rough, narrow valley in a stream which 
flows through Kuruman. The missionaries had dug 
a trench the entire distance, to bring the water to 
their houses and help in watering their gardens. 
Moffat himself, before he became a missionary, had 
been a working gardener at High Leigh, in Chesh- 
ire, and he had used his skill as a gardener to 
make Kuruman more beautiful than ever. 

Livingstone only gave his tired oxen just suf- 
ficient time to rest after their tramp of seven hun- 
dred miles to Kuruman, which was then the pioneer 
station of the London Missionary Society in Africa. 
He could not get out of his mind '' the plain of 
a thousand villages." The Pathfinder wished to 
find a place for settling two hundred and fifty miles 
farther north than any missionary had ever worked. 
This was the first journey in which he had the 
experience of eating the tough flesh of the rhinoceros 
for supper. 

One morning on this journey, Livingstone, hav- 
ing left a large village, went some twelve miles on 
his day's course. He stopped the oxen for rest, 
and, looking back, saw a little African girl about 
eleven years old run up and sit down right under- 
neath the wagon. She had no father or mother or 
sisters, and had been taken by another family to 
be sold as a wife when she should grow old enough. 
She hated being a little slave, and had seen the 
strong, kind face of Dr. Livingstone as he had 



38 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

healed men in the village where she lived. She had 
run away to him, and asked him to protect her. 

The missionary-doctor-traveler gave her some 
food, and was glad to see her happier. But soon 
he heard her sobbing as though her heart would 
break. A man had come after her with a gun. She 
snatched off her beads and held them out to the 
man, begging him to take them and go away ; while 
a young native convert, named Pomare, jumped up 
to help defend her. He was the son of a chief, and 
soon made the man with the gun go back home 
again. 

Livingstone took the little girl and hid her right 
away in the most secret corner of his wagon. And 
he said, "' Though fifty men came for her they 
would not have got her." 

The barbarous tribes who lived in the part of 
Africa where Livingstone was now traveling called 
themselves — like the boy scout patrols — by the 
names of animals. A scout may belong, say, to 
the Wolf Patrol. The. people at Lepelole, where 
Livingstone went from Kuruman, called themselves 
the Bakwena,^ or the People of the Crocodile. Chief 
Bubi ruled over them. 

Livingstone stayed in their village for six months 
without seeing any man who could speak English. 

1 You will see other names in this chapter that begin with 
Ba. Ba always means people ; for example, Ba-kwena means 
People of the Crocodile. 



UNDER THE LION'S PAW 39 

In this way he learned the language of the Bakwena 
perfectly, and got to know all about their lives in 
their huts. He saw how much the hard-working 
women had to do while the men were out hunting, 
and that they thought it shameful for even girls to 
cry. When he was taking a thorn out of a girl's 
foot, her mother said, " Now, you are a woman, 
and a woman does not cry." 

He saw the plump, brown, curly-headed younger 
ones tumbling and rolling in the sand at their play; 
or sitting round playing cat's-cradle, or out among 
the bushes setting bird-traps. The Bakwena were 
brave, but they were also cruel. He saw how much 
happier both the children and grown-up people 
would be if they would stop the cruel fighting of 
one tribe with another. 

They all lived in terror of the power of the witch- 
doctors. The '' doctors " were supposed to be able 
to smell out witchcraft, and could have any one 
whom they disliked killed by saying that he had 
bewitched some of the chief's cattle that had died. 
Livingstone saw that the best way to get them to 
give up fighting and to free them from the fear of 
the witch-doctor and of demons was to teach them 
that there was one Father — God, who wished them 
to be brothers. 

This village of Lepelole was not very far from 
the great Kalahari desert. Though there was a 
stream near the village they had very little rain. 



40 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

The Bakwena witch-doctor, who called himself a 
rain-maker, tried to make the rain come — but he 
could not. Livingstone told the chief that he would 
bring water to their gardens. 

They had only one spade — and that was without 
a handle; but Livingstone and the men — including 
the rain-doctor! — all set to work and dug out a 
little canal, through which the water ran from the 
stream in and out among the gardens. Then the 
vegetables all began to grow. The witch-doctor 
laughed very much at the way the " foreigner's " 
cleverness had done what his own magic could not 
work. 

When Livingstone had dug the canal for the 
People of the Crocodile and had built a part of a 
new house, he took a long trip still farther north, 
across a part of the Kalahari desert. 

One day he walked into the village of a tribe, the 
Bakaa. He was told to be careful, for they had 
just murdered a traveling trader. Yet quite fear- 
lessly Livingstone went among these men, sat down 
with them, and ate part of their porridge, and then 
calmly lay down and slept in the very presence of 
these murderers. They did not lay a hand on him. 

As he traveled on this journey, Livingstone's 
ox-wagon was often besieged by blind, lame, and 
sick people asking the great, white doctor to heal 
them. Some had come over one hundred miles to 
be healed. Livingstone got his great power over 



UNDER THE LION'S PAW 41 

the lives of the Africans, not by kicks or whips, as 
many white men have tried to do, but by being 
brave in danger, kind to them in sickness, and laugh- 
ing with them as he taught them to water their 
gardens, yet very firm and serious when he told 
them of the badness of their lives and the way that 
would lead them to be stronger and purer people. 

It made them mind, also, when they found how 
he could walk, ride, shoot game, and swim as well 
as and often better than themselves. One day he 
was trudging along with his black companions on 
this trip among the tribes on the edge of the Kala- 
hari desert. They were walking because the oxen 
were ill. He heard one of the men say to the others 
quietly : 

''He is not strong; he is quite slim, and only 
looks stout because he puts himself into those bags^ 
He will soon give out." 

This roused Livingstone's Highland blood. All 
the old scouting walks on the Scottish hills helped 
him now, for he was able to walk the men at the 
top of their speed for day after day up the great 
hills and round the valleys of the Bakaa mountains, 
till his African companions marveled and begged 
to be allowed to go more slowly. 

While Livingstone was wandering among these 
tribes, a cruel and powerful African chief drove his 
old friends, the People of the Crocodile, right away 
from Lepelole, where, you remember, he had started 



42 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

his mission house and dug his canal. He made up 
his mind that he must go to another people, the 
Bakhatla, or the People of the Monkey. 

When Livingstone asked the Bakhatla chief if he 
would like him to come and be his missionary, he 
threw up his hands in delight, saying: 

*' Oh, I shall dance if you do; I shall collect all 
my people to hoe a garden for you! " 

Before he settled down in the village of this chief, 
Livingstone took another journey, and traveled four 
hundred miles, riding, for the first time, on the back 
of a great ox. The skin of the pack-ox is very 
loose, and rolls about. The ox also has very long 
horns, which, when it swings its head to knock 
away the flies, is apt to punch into the waist of the 
rider. 

At night he would have his ox tied up, and sit 
with the people around the village fire listening to 
the hero-legends of the Africans. Then he too 
would tell the true story of his own Hero, the story 
of Jesus in Bethlehem and Galilee and upon the 
cross. 

One day, as he was walking down a steep pass 
among the mountains, he was so taken up with 
answering the questions which his African com- 
panions asked him that he stumbled and broke his 
finger against the rock. Some days later, when the 
finger was getting better, he was awakened in the 
middle of the night by the terrific roar of a lion. 



UNDER THE LION'S PAW 43 

Looking out, he seized his revolver and fired it at 
the great beast. The Hon fled, but the recoil of the 
revolver broke Livingstone's finger again. His na- 
tive companions, seeing the blood flowing, said : 

" You have hurt yourself, but you have saved us. 
From this time we will be only yours." 

When Livingstone returned from this journey, 
he went with three English hunters to live, as he 
had promised, among the People of the Monkey. 
These Bakhatla lived among rivers and mountains, 
a fortnight's travel north of Kuruman. The place 
was called Mabotsa, which means '' marriage feast." 
It was in a lovely valley, with a semicircle of big 
hills behind. 

The night was often made terrible at ]\Iabotsa by 
the roar of lions, sounding among the hills like 
thunder. Livingstone was teaching the Bakhatla to 
dig canals for their gardens, when the work was 
stopped by the ferocious attacks of these lions. One 
of them had leaped among the herds in the open 
day, and had killed some cows. The excited and 
terrified villagers of Mabotsa gathered in groups to 
talk about the extraordinary thing. 

'' We are bewitched," they said ; '' who ever saw 
the lion, the lord of the night, kill our cattle by 
day?" They were so terrified that, although they 
marched out to kill the lions, they went shaking with 
fear. And, as cowards never conquer, so the !Ma- 
botsa people came back with not a single slain lion. 



44 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

They were ashamed, yet trembled at the thought 
of trying again to kill the lions. Some days passed, 
and once more a lion, roaring with rage, sprang 
among the sheep, and slew nine in broad daylight 
on the hill opposite Livingstone's house. 

Livingstone was named David, after the shep- 
herd-boy who smote the lion that had done harm 
among his herds. He now lived up to the name. 
He knew that, if this one lion were killed, the rest 
would leave that part of the country. 

The lions were on a little hill, covered with trees. 
The People of the Monkey closed round this hill. 
Livingstone and a native schoolmaster, named 
Mebahve, waited with guns. They saw one of the 
lions sitting on a piece of rock. Mebalwe fired. 
The ball struck the rock, and the lion " bit at the 
spot struck, as a dog bites at a stick or stone thrown 
at him." Then leaping away, it broke through the 
circle of men and escaped unhurt. Two other lions 
escaped in this way. The Bakhatla, believing that 
they were bewitched, feared to throw their spears. 
So the people all started to go home. 

" In going round the end of the hill, however," 
Livingstone tells us, '' I saw one of the beasts sitting 
on a piece of rock as before, but this time he had 
a little bush in front. Being about thirty yards off, 
I took a good aim at his body through the bush, and 
fired both barrels into it. 

" The men then called out, ' He is shot ! he is 




HE CAUGHT MY SHOULDER AS HF. SPRANG 



UNDER THE LION'S PAW 45 

shot!' ... I saw a lion's tail erected in anger 
behind the bush, and, turning to the people, said, 
' Stop a little till I load again.' When in the act 
of ramming down the bullet, I heard a shout. 
Starting and looking half round, I saw the lion just 
in the act of springing upon me. I was upon a 
little height; he caught my shoulder as he sprang, 
and we both came to the ground below together. 

^' Growling horribly close to my ear, he shook me 
as a terrier does a rat. The shock produced a stupor 
similar to that which seems to be felt by a mouse 
after the first shake of a cat. It caused a sort of 
dreaminess, in which there was no sense of pain, nor 
feeling of terror. 

'' Turning round to relieve myself of the weight, 
as he had one paw on the back of my head, I saw 
his eyes directed to Mebalwe, who was trying to 
shoot him, at a distance of ten or fifteen yards. 
His gun missed fire in both barrels; the lion im- 
mediately left me, and, attacking Mebalwe, bit his 
thigh. Another man, whose life I had saved before, 
after he had been tossed by a buffalo, attempted to 
spear the lion while he was biting Mebalwe. He 
left Mebalwe, and caught this man by the shoulder, 
but at that moment the bullets he had received took 
effect, and he fell down dead." 

The bone at the top of Livingstone's left arm was 
crunched into splinters, and there were eleven tooth- 
marks on his arm. The People of the Monkey 



46 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

said that this was the largest Hon they had ever 
seen. They thought he had been charmed by a 
witch-doctor of another tribe, so that he could kill 
them. So they built a *eat bonfire over him to 
burn out the charm. 



CHAPTER IV 

THE QUEEN OF THE WAGON 



Right so departed Sir Launcelot with the 
gentlewoman and rode until he came into a 
forest and into a great valley. 

Malory, Le Morte U Arthur^ Book xiii, Ch. i. 



Teacher, tender, comrade, wife, 
A fellow-farer true through life, 
Heart-whole and soul-free, 
The august father gave to me. 

Robert Louis Stevenson. 



CHAPTER IV 



THE QUEEN OF THE WAGON 

All trembling 
with fear, a crowd 
of shining, naked 
Httle brown boys 
and girls came 
for the first time 
to school. They 
were afraid because they 
had been told by their 
mothers that the white 
man would bite them. The 
mothers were wrong, for 
the schoolmaster was as 
kind as he was strong. 
The school was at Ma- 
botsa, and the master was Livingstone. 

So the little brown brothers and sisters, with wide 
wondering eyes rolling with fright and curiosity, 
tried to hide behind one another when they saw 
their white schoolmaster with his wounded arm. 
The first day they would not have come to school, 
but the Bakhatla chief and Mebalwe had said that 

49 




AN AFRICAN VILLAGE 
STOCKADE 



50 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

they must. The next day they wanted to come 
because they liked it. 

There were no desks, no ink-v/ells and no pic- 
tures. All the earth was a playground; but the 
boldest boy would not go far into the woods. For 
however nice it is to read of lion adventures, or 
see lions at the zoo, it is not so pleasant to know 
that one may be lurking unseen in a thicket ten 
yards away, crouching ready to spring, and with no 
bars between you and him. 

There was no lady at the school to be the teacher 
of the girls. One was needed, and this is how 
the lady teacher came. 

While his arm was healing, Livingstone traveled 
back to Kuruman and went one hundred and fifty 
miles farther to meet Robert Moffat, who was 
coming back from England to his work as a mis- 
sionary at Kuruman. When Livingstone rode up 
to the wagon, he saw, beside Mrs. Moffat, Mary, 
her eldest daughter. 

David and Mary soon began to love one another, 
and under the great almond tree at Kuruman which 
still throws out its blossoms, David and Mary 
plighted troth. They soon were married and went 
back together to live at Mabotsa — which, you re- 
member, means '' a marriage feast.'*' There Mary 
used to teach those little African children in the 
school. 

They lived in a little stone and brick house which 



THE QUEEN OF THE WAGON 51 

Livingstone and his helpers had built with their 
own hands. Livingstone had to do most of the 
building himself, because the Bakhatla were so 
used to building little round huts that they could 
not lay the stones and bricks in straight lines ! He 
also had to make the bricks himself. The doors 
and the windows he and his helpers made from the 
trees standing in the forest. Livingstone says, 
" Every brick and every stick was put square by 
my own right hand." 

He and Mary together had to churn their own 
butter in a jar, mold their own candles, and make 
their own soap with the ash of plants, for the 
nearest store was hundreds of miles away. But 
they liked difficulties, and Livingstone said that 
when they made these things all by themselves he 
felt like Robinson Crusoe. 

" My wife is maid of all work and I am Jack of 
all trades," said Livingstone. 

As the sun in Africa is terribly hot in the middle 
of the day, they got up early in the morning and 
were having breakfast by six o'clock. At about 
eight they went to the school, where they would find 
men, women, and children waiting to be taught, for 
not even the grown-up Bakhatla knew how to read 
or write. School would be over by eleven o'clock, 
when Livingstone would dig in the garden or do 
some carpentry. Sometimes he worked with ham- 
mer and anvil as a blacksmith, making some tool 



52 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

or mending a kitchen kettle for his wife who was 
at work in the house. 

After dinner and an hour's rest in the hottest 
part of the day, Mary went off to her school, where 
she would find a hundred children ready to cluster 
round her and be taught; — for they now loved her 
and the school very much. She would also teach 
the older girls how to sew. In the afternoon and 
evening Livingstone would be a doctor to those 
who were sick. As soon as the milking of the cows 
was over he would gather the men and women 
together and hold a service, under the stars, to 
worship God and speak about his love. 

Another missionary came to Mabotsa. And, 
after a while, Livingstone and his wife made up 
their minds to move still farther on into a place 
where no one was teaching the people about Jesus. 
The Bakhatla were very sorry. They came round 
the wagon when it was all ready to start and begged 
Livingstone not to leave them. They said : 

" Do stay, and we will build another house for 
you." 

But Livingstone, the Pathfinder, was always a 
pioneer, eager to push forward. So with Mrs. Liv- 
ingstone as '' Queen of the Wagon," the oxen 
strained at the yokes, the driver cracked his whip, 
and the great wagon rolled on away from the 
Bakhatla, the People of the Monkey, for forty 
miles northward. 



THE QUEEN OF THE WAGON 53 

When they came to Chonuane (a village of the 
People of the Crocodile, the Bakwena) the chief, 
Sechele, welcomed them with delight. Livingstone 
at Chonuane built another house, and he and Mary 
began to teach the children in Sechele's village and 
to live very much as they had done at Mabotsa. 
Sechele had never seen any books, nor did he know 
how to read, but he was so bright that he learned 
the whole alphabet in one day. 

He wished all the people in his tribe to become 
Christians, and suggested to Livingstone that the 
best way would be for Sechele, as chief, to give 
orders for them all to be thrashed with great whips 
made of rhinoceros hide till they said they would 
worship Jesus. It took Livingstone some time to 
show Sechele that Jesus wants people to come to 
him — not through fear, but because they love him. 

One day these people in Chonuane, all smiles and 
wide-open eyes, were talking about something that 
they had never seen before in all their lives. It was 
a little white baby boy who had come to Mary 
and David Livingstone. The baby was named 
Robert, for his grandfather Robert Moffat. And 
— as the Africans call mothers after their sons — 
Mrs. Livingstone was called Ma-Robert. 

All the babies that they had ever seen before 
were brown, like chocolate. It seemed strange to 
them that a baby should be white. And if you 
were to meet an African child who had never seen 



54 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

a white boy or girl before, he would be amused at 
your straight or wavy hair, so different from his 
nice, short, black curls. 

One day this white baby and all the other children 
in Chonuane found themselves being taken out of 
their homes and carried away by their mothers to 
new homes. This happened because the sun went 
on shining day after day, week after week, and 
month after month with not a drop of rain. It was 
so hot and blistering that if you put a beetle on 
the sand in the sun he was scorched to death in 
a few minutes. 

The people could not live without water, so Liv- 
ingstone had made up his mind to move on again, 
this time to the rocky land at Kolobeng by the 
side of a river. The very next day after he had 
told them that he must go, Livingstone found that 
all the people were rushing about, as busy as ants ; 
for they had made up their minds that they could 
not live without Livingstone, their white protector 
and teacher and friend. So they left their old vil- 
lage and went with him to build a new one at 
Kolobeng. 

The country round Kolobeng was full of wild 
beasts that even came into the village. Living- 
stone, standing at the front door of his own house, 
shot a rhinoceros and a buffalo. 

Livingstone helped them at Kolobeng to make 
the water run out of the river in little ditches 



THE QUEEN OF THE WAGON 55 

through their gardens; and he and Ma-Robert 
taught the children of the natives in a school which 
Chief Sechele built. 

One evening, when the work of the day was done, 
and the people were getting ready for rest, a native 
came rushing into the village, panting for breath 
and with terror on his face. He ran to Living- 
stone and told him breathlessly how a party of 
hunters about ten miles away in the forest had 
suddenly been startled by a black rhinoceros. The 
beast rushed in a fury at the wagon and drove his 
horn — which can kill even an elephant — into the 
driver. 

The messenger had run every step of the way 
to fetch Dr. Livingstone. He at once started to 
harness his horse and ride with his medicine to help 
save the wounded man's life. 

" No, you must not go," said his friends. " The 
forest is full of danger; you know that there are 
the lion, the rhinoceros, and other wild beasts prowl- 
ing in it for prey at night." 

Livingstone felt he must — as a follower of Jesus 
who healed men, — go to help the wounded driver. 
He rode that night ten miles of perilous journey, at 
every step of which some beast might have sprung 
out upon him; and when he reached the spot the 
wagon had gone, the wounded man was dead, and 
he had to ride back home through the dark forest. 



56 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Time went on, and two more white babies came 
to the Httle family at Kolobeng. They kept Ma- 
Robert company while their father was away on 
long journeys. 

Livingstone had heard, already, of a great lake 
that lay across the Kalahari desert hundreds of 
miles northward. Chief Sechele had told him that 
no white man could possibly cross the desert. But 
Livingstone had made up his mind that the mis- 
sionaries must go on and on until the whole of 
mysterious Africa was opened up. Many people 
said that it was all one enormous desert from the 
Sahara on the north to the Kalahari on the south. 
He felt sure that it was not so. 

Just then a young chief named Lechulatebe, who 
lived by this unknown lake and had heard of Liv- 
ingstone, sent messengers right across the desert 
asking him to come to the lake. The messengers 
said that Lechulatebe was so great a chief that he 
made even his cattle-pens of elephant tusks. 

Livingstone, with two great travelers named 
Murray and Oswell, who wished to go with him, 
took ox-wagons and started north, over the 
wooded hills and down to the dried-up bed of an 
ancient river. Here the country was flat with 
thorny trees. Farther on, in a beautiful place of 
deep wells, they saw many lovely leaping antelopes, 
chattering monkeys, and cackling guinea-fowl. 

The land got drier and sandier till they struck 



THE. QUEEN OF THE WAGON 57 

into the desert, where the wheels sank deep into 
the soft white sand, through which the thirsty oxen 
could hardly drag the wagons. In this desert coun- 
try, although there are few wells and no rivers, 
Livingstone saw great herds of swift-running ante- 
lopes and flocks of ostriches, while the lion roared 
in the deep grass and the hyena and the jackal 
howled under the moon among prickly shrubs. 

The plants in the desert live by sending roots 
deep down into the sand to the water underneath. 
The antelopes feed on the grass and on the wonder- 
ful big roots — like great turnips, as big as a boy's 
head, — which grow about two feet under the sur- 
face and are full of cool and delicious juice. 

It was evening-time one day on this journey and 
Livingstone and his party, burning with thirst, had 
come to a village of the little Bushmen living in the 
desert. They are a yellowish-brown hunting people, 
and their language is nearly all clicks. 

Some travelers, when they have come very 
thirsty to a Bushman village and can see no wells 
at all, have ordered the people to give them water. 
And when the Bushmen said '' We have no water," 
the travelers have become angry and threatened to 
kill the Bushmen. This has resulted in the Bush- 
men firing their little poisoned arrows at the trav- 
elers and killing them. 

Now Livingstone could never have done his won- 
derful feats of travel nor lived through his many 



58 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

marvelous adventures if he had behaved in this 
way. 

When he reached the Bushman village he sat 
down quietly with his followers and showed the 
Bushmen how friendly he was and let them know 
that he was thirsty. Soon women came to him, 
bringing great ostrich egg-shells full of water. 

It had puzzled many people to understand how 
the Bushwomen got water into these egg-shells 
when there was no rain and no wells and no river, 
and how they hid the shells so that no one could 
find them even if they searched every hut in the 
village. 

This is the explanation. Deep down under the 
ancient dried-up river beds there flows through the 
sand a slow stream of water. The Bushwomen dig 
a deep hole, put a bunch of grass at the bottom, 
stand a hollow reed in the hole, and then fill it 
up with sand. They then suck the water up the 
reed (the grass at the bottom filtering it) and pour 
it into the empty ostrich egg-shells. 

When a shell is full they plug up the hole with 
grass, and when they have filled many shells they 
carry them back to the villages, dig a hole and bury 
the shells in the cool earth. They would some- 
times, when strangers were coming, light their vil- 
lage fire on the earth over the very spot where the 
water-shells were buried. 

Livingstone and his friends traveled on, day after 



THE QUEEN OF THE WAGON 59 

day, in the glare of the bright sun in a cloudless 
sky, often going for days without finding water. 
They came to no lake, and wondered whether the 
stories that had been told to them were true. Sud- 
denly they saw, through a beautiful blue haze, 
dancing wavelets and the shadow of trees. Oswell, 
the hunter, threw his hat in the air and cheered; 
the animals rushed down to drink, but the Bush- 
woman who was then guiding them laughed. It 
was all a mirage, made by the dancing rays of the 
sun on the flat salt-covered sand of the dry desert. 
The lake was still three hundred miles away! 

It was not long, however, before they came to 
a slowly flowing river called the Zouga, with beau- 
tifully wooded banks. The oxen tugged the wagons 
along the banks till they came to a strange tribe 
who never fought their enemies. 

These Africans lived nearly all the time on the 
river in canoes, hollowed out of the trunks of single 
trees with an iron tool. If there was a bend in the 
tree, so there was in the canoe. They had fires in 
the canoes, and would sleep in them, saying : 

" On land you have the lions, serpents, hyenas, 
enemies — in your canoe in a bank of reeds you are 
safe." 

Livingstone liked these men very much, and en- 
joyed traveling most of the way in a swift canoe 
instead of in the ox- wagon, which jolted along the 
bank. As the Africans paddled along, with the 



6o LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

waters of the Zouga rippling against the gliding 
sides of the canoes, they came to another river run- 
ning from the north into the Zouga. It is called 
the Tamunak'le. 

" Whence does that river come ? " asked Living- 
stone, as they paused and the water dripped from 
the paddles into the stream. 

" Oh," said the natives, " it flows from a country 
full of rivers — so many that no one can tell their 
number — and full of large trees ! " 

This answer made Livingstone quite excited. As 
you know, nearly everybody in England and Amer- 
ica then believed that most of Africa was sandy 
desert. But if what these natives said was true, 
then there was not much desert, but a wonderful 
forest and mountain country, with millions of people 
in it. It would be possible for missionaries to go 
among them in canoes along the many rivers. If 
Livingstone could find out this he would open the 
mightiest unknown land in the whole world. It 
is no wonder that he was excited and enthusiastic. 

A few days later, on August i, 1849, ^^ey saw 
the shining waters of Lake Ngami stretching far 
away beyond their sight. It had never been seen 
by white men before. Lake Ngami was Living- 
stone's first great discovery. But his brain was full 
of what lay beyond even those waters, — the country 
" full of rivers — so many that no one could tell their 
number — and full of large trees." 



THE QUEEN OF THE WAGON 6i 

Livingstone wanted immediately to go into the 
country north of the river Zouga. But Chief 
Lechulatebe, who had wanted him to come as far 
as the lake, did not want him to go away beyond. 
He would not help Livingstone, who therefore tried 
with all his might to bind together a raft in the 
river on which to cross with his wagon and oxen. 
But the wood was all rotten and would not make 
a raft. It gave Livingstone a cold shiver after- 
wards to find that the river in which he had been 
working waist-deep for hours was full of crocodiles. 

He went back across the fringes of the Kalahari 
desert home to Kolobeng. There was great excite- 
ment among his children, Robert, Agnes, and 
Thomas, when he said : 

'' You must all come with me next time." 

But we do not know what their mother thought 
about crossing the thirsty desert as Queen of the 
Wagon, with three little children. 



CHAPTER V 

HOW THE CHILDREN SAW THE 
LAKE 



These are the hills, these are the woods, 
These are my starry solitudes; 
And there the river by whose brink 
The roaring lions come to drink. 

Robert Louis Stevenson. 




THE CHILDREN CAME IN SIGHT OF THE LAKE WHICH THEIR 
FATHER HAD DISCOVERED " 



CHAPTER V 

HOW THE CHILDREN SAW THE LAKE 

In our games most of us have been Indian scouts 
and African explorers. We are like the boy in 
Robert Louis Stevenson's Land of Story-hooks, who 
used to crawl 

All in the dark along the wall, 
And follow round the forest track 
Away behind the sofa-back. 

It would be Splendid if suddenly our sport came 
true, and we really were African explorers. We 
can be sure that when the Livingstone children, 
young Robert, Agnes, and Thomas, saw their father 
start off exploring with Mr. Oswell, leaving Ma- 
Robert and themselves at home at Kolobeng, they 
too would play at being explorers, and w^ould be 
lions and elephants and father and natives. It was 

65 



66 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

strange and startling to them when he came back 
and said: 

" You too are to be explorers ; we will go all 
together in the ox-wagon, and we will cross the 
desert to the great lake." 

It all came true, for the next 3'ear he packed the 
three children into the wagon, with Ma-Robert, 
and they started on one of the most wonderful 
journeys that boys or girls have ever taken. 

They would look out of the wagon with wonder 
as they saw the antelopes galloping away through 
the bushes and grass, and the little Bushmen with 
their bows and arrows hunting the game. Their 
eyes would be dazzled by the sunlight on the 
yellow sand, and they would be sorry for the oxen 
as they strained at the yokes, trying to drag the 
great wagon across the desert. Day after day they 
went on, and saw as they drew near to the other 
side the zebras and the buffaloes running up from 
the wells as the wagons rolled nearer and nearer. 

At last they reached the great river Zouga, where 
the children pointed to the dark Bakoba paddling 
in their tree-trunk canoes, and Robert, as the eldest, 
wanted to go out on the river in one of them. 

The elephants, with mighty gurglings and splash- 
ings, came down to drink at the river. The chil- 
dren saw them draw the water up their trunks 
with a snort and then squirt it out in a fountain 
all over their great bodies, squealing with delight 




Photo by Bernard R. Turner 
AFRICAN BOYS HOLDING ELEPHANT TUSKS 



HOW THE CHILDREN SAW THE LAKE 67 

as they felt the cool water splashing and running 
down their sides. 

Sometimes Ma-Robert and the children had a 
shock, when they saw an ox in the team suddenly 
fall through what looked like solid earth and dis- 
appear into a pit. These pits were dug by the Ba- 
koba to catch animals as they came down to drink. 
If a baby elephant fell into one of these pits his 
big mother would curl her trunk round him and pull 
him out. 

Often the Livingstones had to stop quite a long 
time in one place while the men cut down the trees 
in the path of the wagon. Then they had to go 
round by a way that Dr. Livingstone did not know, 
because on the banks of the river at certain places 
was the dreaded tsetse ^ fly, which kills oxen with 
its bite. At last, with shouts of joy, the children 
came in sight of the lake which their father had 
discovered. They were soon paddling and playing 
in it like ducklings. Livingstone and Ma-Robert 
stood by, laughing at their ov/n children paddling 
in their own big lake. 

Livingstone wished to press farther on, to see the 
powerful chief of the Makololo, whose name was 
Sebituane; but two of the children, with others of 
the party, took fever. He hurried back to the drier, 

^The tsetse (tset'-se) fly is a little larger than the house fly, 
and while its bite does not injure mankind it is fatal to cattle 
and horses. 



68 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

healthier air of the desert, and so home to 
Kolobeng. 

There a little baby sister was born, '' a sweet little 
girl with blue eyes; " but just at that time many of 
the little African children of Kolobeng were ill, and 
baby Livingstone caught the sickness and ended her 
little life when she was six weeks old, a little before 
Christmas in 1850. 

The children went again on the strange journey 
by the desert up to the country of forest and rivers 
the next April. Air. Oswell, their kind hunter 
friend, was with them this time, and he went on 
with his men in advance to dig wells, so that when 
Ma-Robert got there with her children she would 
find plenty of water for them. But they came to 
a part of the desert that was drier than it had 
been seen before, and there was no water even 
under the sand. It was so dry and lifeless that for 
three whole days they did not see a single insect 
or hear a bird chirp. Their faithful guide, a clever 
little Bushman named Shobo, lost his way. It 
would be hard to tell who suffered the most. 

For four awful days they were absolutely with- 
out water. One of the servants had spilled the 
water that had been kept in the wagons. The 
children moaned and cried with the burning thirst, 
and Livingstone felt how terrible it was that he had 
brought them to this suffering. He even wished 
that the Queen of the Wagon would blame him. 



HOW THE CHILDREN SAW THE LAKE 69 

She did not say a word of blame; but it hurt him 
all the more to see the tears in her eyes, and to 
know the fears that filled her heart. 

On the afternoon of the fifth day one of their 
men who had gone ahead came back shouting and 
carrying with him some water from a spring that 
he had found. The children drank the cool water 
with gulps of delight, while the mother and father 
could look into one another's eyes again without 
seeing the dread that had been there. 

At last they had gone along the Zouga and up 
the Tamunak'le, which flows into it from the north. 
They came to the home of the great Sebituane, 
head of the Makololo, a warlike chief, who knew 
how to teach people to love him as well as to make 
his enemies fear him. 

Sebituane could run more swiftly than any man 
in his tribe. Before a battle, in order to make the 
cowards among his men more brave, he would take 
up his battle-ax and, feeling its edge with his 
thumb, shout out : 

'' Aha ! it is sharp, and whoever turns his back 
on the enemy will feel its edge." 

Sebituane became great friends with Livingstone 
at once. He promised to choose a place where 
Livingstone could build a house. But in only a few 
weeks Sebituane was taken ill, and got worse and 
worse, till it was clear that he could not get better. 
His last words were to tell them to take Living- 



70 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

stone's young son to Maunku — one of Sebituane's 
wives — to give him some milk. 

His daughter — Mamochisane — ruled in his place^ 
and she too was friendly to Livingstone. 

Livingstone left his wife and children at the 
village, while he and Mr. Oswell went northeast, 
through the town of Linyanti, till on August 3, 
1 85 1, they found a new, lovely river. It was so 
broad that when they crossed it the waves " made 
the canoe roll beautifully." They were so excited 
and delighted that all they could do was to say to 
one another, " How glorious ! how magnificent ! how 
beautiful ! " It was only afterwards that they dis- 
covered that this river was the great Zambezi, which 
flows over Victoria Falls out into the Indian Ocean. 

Livingstone felt he simply must find a path to the 
east or west coast of Africa along which the mis- 
sionaries and traders might come into Central 
Africa. Yet he knew now, as he saw his children 
taken ill again and again with fever, that he must 
not keep them traveling in this country. 

What was he to do? He decided that they must 
go home to England with their mother for two 
years, while he found the path to the coast. Then 
he could settle in some healthy spot, and they could 
all, he thought, come back again. 

So he took them back to their old home at Ko- 
lobeng. Imagine their surprise when they found 
that all the people, with Chief Sechele, had gone 



HOW THE CHILDREN SAW THE LAKE 71 

away. The Boers had driven them off, shooting 
at them with guns, so as to stop Livingstone's plans. 
We must not say hard things about these Boers. 
There are many Anglo-Saxon people who have been 
cruel to the Africans. And to-day some of the 
great-grandchildren of the very Boers who op- 
posed Livingstone are themselves working hard as 
missionaries in South Africa. But the things that 
they did to Livingstone's African friends made it 
clearer than ever that he must find a way into the 
heart of Africa farther north where they could not 
spoil the work. He said: 

" I will go anywhere, provided it be forward." 
Dr. Livingstone, Ma-Robert, and the children now 
turned their faces back toward the Cape. They 
went to see their grandfather, Robert Moffat, at 
Kuruman, and then on and on to the very southern 
tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope. 

There the mother took her four children, Robert 
and Agnes, Thomas, and the new baby, William 
Oswell, on a ship which sailed away to England. 
How their father felt we can guess from this letter 
to little Agnes, who was then between four and 
five years old : 

Cape Tov/n, 

iSth May, 1852. 
My dear Agnes : — 

This is your own little letter. Mamma will read 
it to you and you will hear her just as if I were 



72 LIVIXGSTOXE THE PATHFINDER 

speaking to you, for the words which I write are 
those which she will read. 

I am still at Cape Town. You know you left me 
there when you all went into the big ship and sailed 
away. W^ell, I shall leave Cape Town soon. ]\Ia- 
latsi has gone for the oxen, and then I shall go 
away back to Sebituane's country, and see Seipone 
and Meriye, who gave you the beads and fed you 
with milk and honey. 

I shall not see you again for a long time, and 
I am very sorry. I have no Nannie now. I have 
given you back to Jesus, your Friend — your Papa 
who is in heaven. He is above you, but he is 
always near you. When we ask things from him^ 
that is praying to him ; and if you do or say a 
naughty thing ask him to pardon you, and bless 
you, and make you one of his children. 

Love Jesus much, for he loves you and he came 
and died for you. Oh, how good Jesus is ! I love 
him, and I shall love him as long as I live. You 
must love him too, and you must love your brothers 
and Mamma, and never tease them or be naughty, 
for Jesus does not like to see naughtiness. Good-by,. 
my dear Nannie. 

D. LIVINGSTONE. 



CHAPTER VI 

THE PATHFINDER 



Then said Sir Bors: It is more than a year 
and a half that I have not lain ten times where 
men dwelled, but in wild forests and in moun- 
tains, but God was ever my comfort. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthur, Book xvii, Ch. xix. 

I will open a path through the country or — 

PERISH. Livingstone. 




THE PROCESSION WINDING ITS WAY ALONG THE PATH 



CHAPTER VI 



THE PATHFINDER 



Livingstone wrote to Ma-Robert as well as to 
Agnes. He said to his wife : 

My dearest Mary: — 

How I miss you now and the dear children! 
... I see no face now to be compared with the 
sunburnt one which has so often greeted me with 
its kind looks. . . . Take the children all around 
you and kiss them for me. Tell them I have left 
them for the love of Jesus, and they must love 
him too, and avoid sin, for that displeases Jesus. 
I shall be delighted to hear of you all safe in 
England. . . . 

Feeling very lonely, he got into his ox-wagon 
and started back on the long trail again. When he 
got to Kuruman he heard from Moffat of the 
terrible thing that had happened at his home at 
Kolobeng while he was away. 

The Boers had come, had shot many of Sechele's 
people, and had driven the chief away. They had 

75 



76 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

ruined Livingstone's house, carried away all his 
furniture for themselves, and had torn up all the 
books in which he had told the story of his early 
travels and adventures. 

Sechele's wife had escaped, with her little baby, 
and she fled to Kuruman to tell i\Irs. Moffat. 

" How did you manage to get away without being 
captured ? " asked ]\Irs. Moffat. 

Then ]\Iasebele, the wife of Sechele, told of her 
hairbreadth escape. 

" I hid,'' she said, " in a cleft in the rock, with 
this little baby. And the Boers came closer and 
closer, shooting with their guns. They came till 
they were on the rock just over my head. I could 
see the muzzles of the guns above the cleft as they 
fired. The baby began to scream and I felt sure 
that they would hear and capture us, but I took off 
these armlets and gave them to baby to play with. 
That kept baby quiet and the Boers passed on with- 
out finding us." 

Livingstone was very sad and angry when he 
heard how his friends the People of the Crocodile 
at Kolobeng had been cruelly treated and robbed 
of their cattle, and how all his medicines with which 
he could heal people had been destroyed. But he 
bravely made jokes about his own house being 
destroyed and his furniture taken off. He said that 
it set him free for traveling. He wrote home to 
his wife : 



THE PATHFINDER yy 

" We shall move more easily now that we are 
lightened of our furniture. They have tal en away 
our sofa. I never had a good rest on it. Well, 
they can't have taken away all the stones. We shall 
have a seat in spite of them, and that too with a 
merry heart, which doeth good like a medicine. 

*' The Boers," he said, " have made up their minds 
to close the country. I am determined to open it. 
Time will show who will win. 

" I will open a path through the country, or — 

PERISH." 

Soon Livingstone was traveling over the Kala- 
hari desert again, on another of those hard wagon 
journeys that he enjoyed so much. He said that 
they were just one long picnic which all would 
enjoy who were not too dainty about food and 
who delighted in the open air. In this '' wild, 
healthful gipsy life," as he went north, he saw 
many wonders and had toils and adventures. He 
saw the flocks of ostriches with black, white, and 
brown feathers, who, when they were running in 
terror, took strides fourteen feet long. He heard 
the ostriches roaring in the day with a sound just 
like the lions roaring at night. He killed a huge 
serpent — a python which was twice as long as a 
man, as thick as a man's leg, and lifted its head 
five feet high. 

Again and again lions, with their tawny manes 
showing in the moonlight, came up close to the 



y^ LIVIXGSTOXE THE PATHFINDER 

camp at night, and would roar to frighten the oxen, 
but were afraid of the camp-fire. 

At last they reached a broad flowing river, across 
which the wagons could not go, for they had no 
raft. But in one wagon was a pontoon — a kind 
of small boat-raft. So, leaving the wagons, he 
paddled across to a plain ankle-deep in w^ater and 
knee-deep in grass. They shot a water-antelope, 
waded to a group of trees on drier ground and 
collected wood, made '' a glorious fire," cooked the 
antelope, and slept in safety. 

In the morning they climbed, like scouts, to the 
top of the highest trees. From the tree-tops they 
saw some islands in the river that looked as though 
they would make it possible to cross. So they 
climbed down again and tried to wade to the islands. 

A rough grass among the reeds cut their hands 
and clothes as they Avaded through the water. 
The climbing convolvulus bound the reeds together 
so that they could only get through by leaning 
against them till they all went flat. The knees of 
Livingstone's trousers were cut through, so he tore 
his handkerchief in two and bound his knees with 
that. 

They searched about till they found a spot where 
a hippopotamus had pushed a way through with his 
huge head. But the water, in which snakes and 
otters were swimming, was so deep that no one could 
walk across. They had to go back, tired out, and 



THE PATHFINDER 79 

they lay down close to the reeds in an old hut, with 
mosquitoes buzzing and biting. 

It looked as though Livingstone would have either 
to turn back or leave his wagons. But he refused, 
now as always, to give up till he had tried again 
and again to push through obstacles. In the morn- 
ing they climbed an ant-hill, about thirty feet high, 
and saw from it a little tributary of this Chobe 
river. 

So they went back for the pontoon, and paddled 
on it across the deep river. In the middle of the 
river a huge hippopotamus suddenly came up close 
to them like a volcanic island. They had passed 
over him. The wave that he made rocked the 
pontoon and made it glide quickly away from him. 

They paddled on from noon till sunset, but no 
opening could they find in the reeds; when, just 
before the swift African night came on, they dis- 
covered, on the north bank, a Makololo village, wath 
people in it whom Livingstone had met on his last 
journey. The Makololo looked at him with aston- 
ished eyes as though they had seen a ghost. They 
said: 

" He has dropped among us from the clouds, yet 
came riding on the back of a hippopotamus. We 
Makololo thought no one could cross the Chobe 
without our knowledge, but here he drops among 
us like a bird." 



8o LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Livingstone was now among good friends. The 
Makololo paddled him back across the Chobe in 
canoes, took his wagons to pieces and carried them 
across on the canoes tied together. They made the 
oxen swim across the river, *' diving among them 
more Hke alHgators than men." 

They then went on to Linyanti, the capital-village 
of the Makololo. All the six thousand Makololo 
in Linyanti rushed out to see Livingstone's wagons, 
for they had never seen such things before. The 
old herald leaped about with excitement at the sight 
of Livingstone, and roared at the top of his voice : 

''Don't I see the comrade of Sebituane? Don't 
I see the father of Sekeletu? " 

Sebituane, the brave and swift-running, had, 
you remember, died; and Sekeletu, his son, who 
was only eighteen years old, was chief in his place 
— as Sekeletu's sister, Mamochisane, did not like 
being chief. Young Sekeletu began to be very fond 
of Livingstone, whom he called " My new father." 

" Your coffee," he said to Livingstone, " tastes 
nicer than that of the traders, because they like rhy 
ivory and you like me." 

One day Livingstone and Sekeletu, riding on 
oxen, started off from Linyanti, at the head of a 
long line of Makololo followers. The women and 
children stood watching the procession winding its 
way along the curving path. The strange head- 
dresses of the line of dark figures nodded as they 




LIVINGSTONE PREACHING TO THE MAKOLOLO 



82 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

was displeased with them. So these fierce warriors 
at once obeyed him and put back the plundered pots 
and pans and clothes. 

Livingstone on this journey met some Arab slave- 
traders. These men would take a whole village — 
men, women, and children — into slavery. They 
would handcuff the slaves and tie them together with 
forked poles fastened to their necks. Hundreds of 
the people would die on the road, and those who 
lived would be set to work in plantations under the 
lash of an overseer. 

Livingstone hated this slave-trading with a great 
and burning hatred. He soon began to make it one 
great aim of his life to sweep slave-trading aw^ay 
from Africa. He told these Arabs how much better 
it was to let children grow up to comfort their own 
mothers than to carry them away and sell them to 
strange men across the sea. 

When Livingstone and his friends got back to 
Linyanti he thought of a daring plan. He wanted 
to stop these men from making slaves of the 
Africans, and to end the horrible fighting and killing 
that he saw going on in the villages among all the 
African people. 

His plan for helping to do away with all these 
evil things was to find a way from the center of 
Africa, where he now was, out to the coast. Up 
that new track, he thought, men could come to 
bring the story of the love of Jesus. Down that 



THE PATHFINDER 83 

road the Africans could carry their ivory tusks, 
coffee, cotton, and other goods, so that true trade 
would take the place of the evil slave-trade. 

So Livingstone the Pathfinder set out once more 
on his quest. He had come to a decision from which 
nothing, whether beast, savage men, marsh, forest, 
fever, or the yearning for home, could turn him : — 

" I will open a path into the interior or perish/' 



CHAPTER VII 

BY CANOE AND FOREST TRACK 



He was in great peril, and so he laid him 
down and slept, and took the adventure that 
God would send him. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthur, Book xvii, Ch. xiii. 



CHAPTER VII 
BY CANOE AND FOREST TRACK 



When Living- 
stone told Sekeletu 
that he wished to 
find a way to the 
coast, the chief 
called a picho, 
which is like the 
North American 
Indian powwow, 
to decide whether 
they would help 
him. The chief 
men of the village 
gathered round, 
while Livingstone 
and Sekeletu sat in 
the center. 

" Where is the 
white doctor taking 
"the white pelican with his long you .^ askea one 

BEAK AND GREAT POUCH " qM maU. " Hc Is 

throwing you away. Your garments already smell 
of blood." 

87 




88 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

But the others were in favor of going with 
'' Nyaka," or '' the doctor," as they called Living- 
stone. They lent him twenty-seven men to bear the 
luggage and help him. If Livingstone had been 
obliged, like most explorers, to pay for all his car- 
riers, he could never have done his feats of ex- 
ploring — for he had very little money. But his 
wonderful power of making the African trust him 
helped him to get good and faithful bearers — just 
for love. 

So Livingstone and his twenty-seven African 
companions started off on their tremendous path- 
finding. He left his wagon in charge of the Ma- 
kololo at Linyanti. One man carried a tin box with 
some spare clothing in it, another bore his case of 
medicines, a third his books — one of which was his 
Bible — and a fourth his magic lantern. Others car- 
ried his small gipsy-tent, a sheepskin mantle, and 
a horse-rug, and some of the instruments which, 
you remember, he learned to use when sailing on 
the George from Britain. No man ever traveled 
so perilous and long a journey with so little pro- 
vision ; but Livingstone believed that '' brains and 
pluck " were the best traveling baggage. 

Chief Sekeletu took them as far as the Chobe, 
a branch of the Zambezi which was full of hippo- 
potami. Some of the lonely ones, called '' bach- 
elors," were very ferocious. Livingstone saw a 
canoe which had been smashed to pieces by one 



90 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

" bachelor " hippopotamus, while another chased 
some of his men, but they escaped. Sekeletu turned 
back when he saw Livingstone and his men safely 
on board their canoes. How fond he was of Living- 
stone is shown by the fact that he lent him his very 
own canoe. And as they went along the river and 
called at the villages he found that Sekeletu had sent 
orders on ahead of them, saying: 

" Nyaka must not be allowed to become hungry." 

Their canoes glided swiftly down the Chobe to 
the place where it joins the great Zambezi. Pad- 
dling round to the left they worked now against 
the stream, for the Zambezi flows eastward across 
Africa, and Livingstone was searching for a way 
to the west coast. He soon came to a big village of 
the Makololo, called Sesheke. He stayed there for 
some days, and often preached to some six hundred 
of them on the high bank of the river under a 
camel-thorn tree. At one of these services, Mori- 
antsane, the chief, seeing some young fellows pre- 
paring to skin an animal instead of listening, stood 
up and hurled his staff at their heads to make them 
attend. 

After leaving Sesheke, they traveled many days 
up the Zambezi. We shall first go with them on the 
canoe for one day, and then hear the story of some 
of the strange things that happened on the long 
journey. 

We rise with Livingstone before five in the 



BY CANOE AXD FOREST TRACK 91 

morning. We are up just before the sun. Over 
the water the white mist hangs. We hear the sound 
of crackHng sticks. One of the men has Hghted a 
wood fire and hung over it a kettle of water. In 
a few minutes we can smell the coffee that he has 
made, and all take a drink from the pannikin, or 
cup. 

The men quickly load the canoes and soon we 
take boat for the most pleasant part of the day. 
Along the river we notice birds of every kind. The 
tall fishing ibis is sitting on the end of an old tree- 
stump, shouting " Wa-wa-w^a " as we pass. The 
little green parrots, with yellow shoulders, shriek 
and chatter, while the kingfishers flash like light- 
ning over the water. There in the shallows a tall 
vermilion flamingo stands gazing down on the little 
fish and choosing the one that will best suit his 
taste. 

As the canoe skims swiftly round a corner, we 
hear the crocodiles splash from the bank into the 
water, while the quaint iguana reptiles, which have 
been sunning themselves on the branches over the 
stream, drop like stones into the water — but not 
before the Barotse man in the bow of the canoe has 
with a swift, sure aim of his light javelin speared 
one for supper. 

On our morning's travel we have been watching" 
all these things : but a man with far keener eyes, 
than ours has seen all these and a hundred more. 



92 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

As he sits there in the canoe scanning the banks, 
nothing seems to escape Livingstone's bright, fear- 
less blue-gray eyes. He notes everything from the 
tall palmyra tree-tops, and the many-colored tangle 
of creeper and flower, to the kind of soil through 
which the river runs. He sees, from the color of 
the water in the river, the soil that it has already 
drained. 

He watches the habits of every creature from the 
huge hippopotamus down to a curious ant-eating 
insect that stands on its head to attract the ants 
and wags a feathery tail in which are hidden a pair 
of tweezers. He reckons the kind of crop that each 
part of the country could bear. He finds his 
direction and guides his travel on the vast trackless 
continent by the stars. And — living for a year 
among men who are by nature filthy-mouthed, quar- 
relsome, vain, and violent — he remains clean, strong, 
and most powerfully peaceful, guiding his walk and 
that of his wild companions by a book which he has 
consulted for years, and which is to him the Path- 
finder's manual — his Bible. 

As the sun rises higher the men, w^ho have been 
paddling all the morning, need rest. We land and 
€at up the remnants of last night's supper, with 
some biscuits spread with honey taken from the 
hollow^ of a tree w^here the wild bees hive. At noon, 
when the heat of the sun is beating down from a 
blue sky on to the perspiring men, we start again — 



BY CANOE AND FOREST TRACK 93 

for, if we must not waste strength in hurry, we 
may not waste time by slackness. 

Looking out from under a great umbrella we 
again watch the river. We may get drowsy as the 
afternoon goes on and the steam rises from the 
tropical Zambezi. 

The strokes of the men who are paddling now 
grow slower : they are looking for a place for camp- 
ing. Tired and sleepy we land at our resting-place, 
boil the iguana which was speared, and eat our 
supper. The oxen, which have been trekking 
through the forest during the day, a little later 
come into camp. 

The men swiftly cut down branches and make 
little sheds by planting forked poles leaning toward 
one another with one at the top as the '' roof-tree." 
Then the branches are laid over the forked poles and 
tied, to the roof-tree with strips of bark, while long 
grass (as tall as a man) is laid on like thatch to 
keep out the rain. The sheds are arranged round 
the camp-fire in a horseshoe, with room for the 
oxen in the middle. Each shed is closed at the 
back, but open toward the camp-fire. 

In an hour it is all done. The men are under 
cover. We roll into our sleeping-blankets. And as 
we do so, we see our leader coming round in the 
clear, white moonlight to look at the sleeping forms 
of his companions and see that all is safe. He, too^ 
after writing up his journal and asking his Father 



94 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

to protect the camp, creeps into his gipsy-tent and 
sleeps. 

Then Mashauana, Livingstone's faithful head 
boatman, makes his bed at the door of Living- 
stone's tent, and lies down. The man or beast who 
harms Livingstone on this journey must do it over 
the body of Mashauana. 

In days like that through which we have followed 
Livingstone the long journey went on, with every 
day bringing its adventure or difficulty that called 
out Livingstone's courage and clever inventive 
resource. They traveled up the Zambezi till its 
banks turned east. Then they left it and struck 
westward on to the Kassai river, then northwest 
across the Kwango river to the Lucalla river, a 
tributary of the Kwanza, and so — due west — to 
Loanda — the coast. 

The journey in the land that Sekeletu governed 
was not very difficult. But as they got farther 
on they found that the wonderful conquests of 
Sekeletu's father made the tribes beyond suspicious 
of them all. As they got nearer and nearer to the 
west coast they found that the Portuguese slave- 
trade had turned the natives into grasping wretches, 
who not only would refuse food to Livingstone, but 
would not let him through their country without 
gifts. 

'' Alan, ox, gun, or tusk, you must give me," each 



BY CANOE AND FOREST TRACK 95 

chief would say, and threaten that if the gift was 
not at once forthcoming, Livingstone must go 
back — or die. 

'' Man," of course, he absolutely refused to give, 
for that meant giving a faithful friend into slavery; 
" ox " he could rarely give, for he had few and those 
were needed; " gun " he could not spare, — for how 
then could he get food for his followers ; " tusk " 
he had, but only a few. These tusks were from 
Sekeletu to make the beginning of trade between 
the Makololo of Linyanti and the Portuguese of 
Loanda. 

One adventure of this kind happened among the 
Chibokwe people. They reached the village of 
Njambi on Saturday, March 4, 1854 — just before 
Livingstone's forty-first birthday. Wishing to 
have a restful Sunday, they killed one of their 
riding oxen for food, and sent some of the food as 
a present to Njambi, the chief. On Sunday morning' 
a messenger came from the chief. 

" The chief," said the messenger impudently, 
" must have a man, an ox, a gun, powder, some 
cloth, or a shell. If not, you must go back." 

Livingstone refused. In the afternoon his men 
were thrown into great excitement by all the people 
of Njambi coming and surrounding their encamp- 
ment, the younger warriors drawing their swords 
and brandishing them in the face of the traveler 
with furious shouts. Some pointed their guns at 



96 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Livingstone — nodding to one another, as much as 
to say, " That is the way we shall do with him." 

Livingstone sat calmly on his camp-stool, with his 
double-barreled hunting gun across his knees. 

" Be seated," he said quietly to the chief, who — 
probably to his own surprise — found himself obey- 
ing. 

" Why do you ask me to pay to walk on the 
ground of God, our common Father? " said Living- 
stone. 

The chief could not answer this, for it was the 
custom of the African tribes to call the ground — 
except the gardens — common. But they still 
pressed him for a payment, and most of all for 
a man to be given up as a slave. Livingstone would 
rather have died than do this. He offered a shirt : 
they asked for more. He added beads and a large 
handkerchief, but the more he offered the more they 
demanded. The armed young men rushed round 
brandishing arms and shouting death. 

It was a perilous moment. A young man rushed 
at Livingstone to kill him. Livingstone quickly 
put the muzzle of his gun to the young man's mouth, 
— and the youth ran for his life. Livingstone said: 

*' We will not strike the first blow. If you do so, 
the guilt of blood is on your head." 

His men, armed with their hunting javelins, 
quickly surrounded the chief, Njambi. He, seeing 
that if his own men fired at Livingstone he himself 



BY CANOE AND FOREST TRACK 97 

would at once be killed by the Makololo, decided on 
peace. Presents were exchanged, and Livingstone 
and his party went on. The real blame for all this 
hateful greed lay, not on the Africans, but on the 
slave-traders who had accustomed them to receiving 
a slave from every party that passed through the 
land. 

One day Livingstone offered a tribe an ox, as 
they asked for one in paymicnt for traveling through 
their land. 

'' No," they said, " we will not have it. Its tail 
has been cut and witchcraft medicine put in." 

This gave Livingstone a good idea, at which his 
followers roared with laughing. For he cut the 
tuft off the end of the tail of each of the other oxen 
— and they never had another request for an ox. 

He often showed his magic lantern at night and 
preached about the pictures. One- chief, named 
Shinte, was eager to see the magic lantern pictures. 
He gathered together all his people, including his 
many wives, for the grand sight. Livingstone 
showed first a picture of Abraham, with uplifted 
knife, about to sacrifice his son Isaac. The women 
listened silently while he explained it. But when 
he moved the slide to put in another, the picture of 
Abraham with his uplifted dagger moved toward 
them. 

" Mother, mother ! " they all shouted at once, and 
fled, helter-skelter, tumbling over one another, and 



98 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

knocking down the fetish-huts in the dark. These 
are huts in which stand carved wooden figures, 
called fetishes, w^hich the people believe to be in- 
habited by a spirit, which must be fed to keep it 
good-tempered. 

Many of these people could not believe that Liv- 
ingstone was a man. They thought that he was 
of a people who lived under the sea. 

''Is that hair?" they would say as he took off 
his hat. '' No. It is the mane of a lion and not 
hair at all." 

" Mine," Livingstone replied, '' is the real original 
hair; like yours was, before it became scorched and 
frizzled in the sun ! " 

Then he would open his shirt and show his white 
chest, comparing it with his face, which the sun 
had burned a dark brown, almost as dark as theirs. 
They agreed that, as they always went about nearly 
naked in the sun, they had been scorched a brown- 
black and that they and Livingstone might really 
be brothers after all. 

Livingstone's bad-tempered, broad-backed, riding 
ox, Sinbad, came into use on this journey, when 
they all left the Zambezi and the canoes. Living- 
stone rode him, although he w^as so vicious, because 
his back was softer than the other oxen, while his 
long horns were bent down and hung loosely, so 
that he could not hit his rider in the belt with them. 
Sinbad, however, would suddenly run off the track, 




Photo by Harry Johnson 
AN AFRICAN FETISH IMAGE WITH BASKET OF FOOD 



BY CANOE AND FOREST TRACK 99 

and once ran just under a climber, which caught 
Livingstone and threw him off so that he struck 
on his head. 

While fording a stream one day, Sinbad stumbled 
in a hole in the bed of the river and flung Living- 
stone over his head into the water. One afternoon 
they came to a flooded stream called " Child of 
Loki," into which Sinbad dashed, sank, and threat- 
ened to turn over on Livingstone, who slipped off 
and struck out for the opposite bank. Thoroughly 
alarmed at this, twenty of his men rushed to his 
rescue — some in their eagerness leaping right in and 
letting their blankets float away down the stream. 
He reached the bank unaided, but there one seized 
his arm, another threw his arm round his body, 
anxious to help him out. 

They were surprised to find that he could swim 
— though he swam, as we do, like a frog, while 
they swam like dogs. But it made him very happy 
to see that they cared for him so much. That 
night, when Livingstone was turning himself round 
and round in front of the fire to dry his clothes, the 
men who belonged to the village to which they had 
come tried to frighten Livingstone's African friends 
by telling them of the rivers that lay in front of 
them. 

They rolled with laughter, their eyes and white 
teeth flashing in the firelight as they pointed to Liv- 
ingstone and said proudly : 



loo LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

" We can all swim ; who carried the white man 
across the river but himself ? " ' 

These streams were swollen and the valleys 
flooded because of the ceaseless falling of the rain 
during the latter part of the journey. The rain 
poured down, dripping from the trees in the forest, 
and soaked through their sleeping-blankets and 
skin-rugs, as well as Livingstone's day-clothes, 
which now became moldy. The rain also was bad 
for the guns, causing them to rust, and it rotted the 
gipsy-tent. 

Often the only place where he could keep his 
watch dry was under his armpit, for he would be up 
to his waist in flood and marsh, while the rain came 
down from above. The fever made Livingstone 
so weak that he could neither sit on the ox nor 
walk without support. Sometimes he just staggered 
on like one in a dream. But the White Man Who 
Would Go On refused to stop or turn back from 
his quest. 

" Your white leader is only taking you to the 
coast to sell you as slaves," whispered some of 
the African villagers in the ears of his followers. 
What were they to believe? And they began to 
doubt and despair and threaten to turn back and 
go home. 

" If you go back," said he to them, " still I shall 
go on." 

Sick at heart and disappointed, he went into his 




SINBAD STUMBLED IN A HOLE IN THE BED OF THE RIVER 



BY CAXOE AND FOREST TRACK loi 

little tent and felt that he was alone — with his 
Father. 

Looking up he saw the head of one of his fol- 
lowers peering in at the little tent-opening. It was 
IMohorisi, and the words he said were : 

*' We will never leave 3'ou." 

The others followed. 

" We are all your children/' they said. " We will 
die for you. AA'e spoke in bitterness of spirit. You 
will see what we can do ! " 

Livingstone was glad again. And at last, after 
traveling for over six months by canoe, on ox-back 
and on foot, through marsh and forest, through 
river and flood, in fever and hunger, in peril of 
savage men and wild beasts, for fifteen hundred 
miles which no white man had ever seen before, Liv- 
ingstone came out on a high plain in sight of the 
sea and Loanda — the goal of his journey. 

His companions, who had never before seen the 
sea — or really believed in its existence — looked 
with wonder on the limitless blue ocean, sparkling 
in the sun. 

'' \A"e marched along with our father," they said, 
'' believing that what the ancients had always told 
us was true, that the world has no end ; but all at 
once the world said to us, ' I am finished ; there is 
no more of me! ' " 



CHAPTER VIII 

" THE FOREST PERILOUS '^ 



He called his fellowship unto him, and 
asked them what they would do. Then they 
answered all wholly together with one voice, 
they would do as he would do. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthur^ Book xx, Ch. xvii. 




"WHERE THE CROCODILES SPLASH" 



CHAPTER VIII 
" THE FOREST PERILOUS " 

During this great pathfinding journey from the 
interior to the west coast, Livingstone suffered ter- 
ribly again and again from an awful fever which 
makes a man's head and all his body ache unbear- 
ably, and weakens him till he cannot stand without 
help. Now that he had reached Loanda,^ he greatly 
needed rest and medicine, and was glad to stop 
for a while in a civilized town. 

The Makololo were much interested in this 

strange, new place. They looked at the Loanda 

houses in astonishment. Livingstone had on the 

journey tried to explain what a house two or three 

stories high was like, but they said that there could 

be no such thing as a hut on a hut, for the stakes 

of the top hut would have nothing to stick into; 

and, beside, the roof of a hut was sloping: how 

1 Formerly called St. Paul de Loanda, a Portuguese city on 
the west coast of Africa. 

105 



io6 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

could you put another on top of it? When they 
looked at a house for the first time they said : 

" Ah ! it is not a hut ; it is a mountain with caves 
in it." 

As they looked out to sea, they saw the gleaming 
sails of a ship that was steering toward the port. 
She was a British cruiser. When she came into 
port, the Makololo men were persuaded to go on 
board. They were amazed. 

" It is not a canoe," they said, " it is a town ! 
And what sort of a town is it that you must climb 
into with a rope ? " 

The jolly sailors on board chummed up with the 
Africans and gave them some of the bread and beef 
that they were having for dinner. The Africans 
got employment in unloading a coal-boat. They, 
could not understand how it held so much. 

*' We worked," they said, " from the rising till the 
setting sun for a moon and a half [six weeks] 
taking out stones that burn. We were tired, but 
there was still plenty left in the ship." 

The captain of the British ship was very kind 
to Livingstone. '' You are ill," he said, when he 
landed and saw Livingstone's worn limbs and fever- 
stricken body. '' You have worked and traveled 
without rest for fourteen years; all Britain will 
cheer to see you. Come home with us and rest — 
and see your wife and daughter and your sons 
again." 



'' THE FOREST PERILOUS " 107 

111, tired, and lonely, the invitation tempted him, 
but not for one second did he hesitate. 

He looked at his Makololo companions who had 
risked life again and again and lived with him 
through all the perils of the pathfinding journey. 
He had brought them fifteen hundred miles from 
their homes. They called him their " father." 
They could not return alone. So he turned his 
back to the sea and Britain, resolved to be true to 
his word and take the men back home to Linyanti. 

In days of old it was the highest honor of 
knights to be true to their word — true to other 
knights and to the ladies for whom they fought. 
How much more splendid was the honor of this 
knight of the newer days. For, not in battle nor 
romantic heroism, but in ceaseless trudging over a 
thousand miles of blistering plain and tangled forest, 
he was true to his word to a group of poor and 
ignorant Africans. 

So Livingstone sent his journal home by ship, 
and the men started off on their tramp back to Lin- 
yanti. Many presents were given by the people of 
Loanda. There were a horse and brilliant colonel's 
uniform for Sekeletu, and two donkeys — as they, 
unlike the horses and oxen, are not killed by the 
tsetse fly. 

The men were very proud of new costumes of 
striped cloth and red caps which Mr. Gabriel, the 
British commissioner for suppressing the slave 



io8 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

traffic and the only Englishman then living in Lo- 
anda, had given them. Livingstone was glad to 
have also a good new tent presented to him by the 
officers of the British cruiser. Orders were sent 
along the route by the Portuguese commandant that 
men must help and not hinder the travelers. 

Some days after they had started back, they came 
to some wonderful rocks that stood up like gigantic 
cliffs, three hundred feet high. The place was 
called Pungo Andongo. Here Livingstone got the 
news that the ship in which his journals were placed 
had been wrecked in a storm and had gone to the 
bottom of the sea. Eager as he was to go on, 
Livingstone settled there for three months and 
steadily rewrote all those hundreds of pages. It 
took from October till Christmas, but he knew 
that the very future of all that country would be 
affected by the knowledge of the land that he alone 
among all white men in the world had now 
obtained. 

As Livingstone rode on Sinbad the ox from the 
heights of Pungo Andongo down among the date 
palms of the valley of Cassange, he came to the 
house of Captain Neves, a Portuguese, who lived at 
Cassange itself. While staying with him Living- 
stone found a child sick with fever, whom he wished 
to make well. But the African mother believed 
that her boy was bewitched and would not listen 
to Dr. Livingstone when he wished to give the child 



'' THE FOREST PERILOUS " 109 

the proper food and medicine. As a result the 
child died. 

An African man also in Cassange village, who 
was ill, said that his wife's sister had bewitched him. 
The witch-doctor was going to put her through the 
ordeal of drinking poison to prove her innocence, 
but Captain Neves stopped them, because the 
poison was very strong and would certainly have 
killed her. If she had died after submitting to the 
ordeal, they would have said, '' That is a proof that 
she was a witch." 

Livingstone found that in other parts of that 
valley of Cassange where Captain Neves could not 
stop them, hundreds of people were killed year after 
year by the witch-doctors through this ordeal of 
poison. For the witch-doctors, whenever any one 
was ill, would put on their hideous feathers and 
horns of poison and dance and call out, as they smelt 
for the one who, they said, had bewitched the sick 
man. Then they would make the accused man drink 
the poison and — of course he would die. Living- 
stone saw that these witch-doctors all over Central 
Africa killed — and they still do so to-day — as many 
people in a year as the slave-trade ever did. The 
people were also filled with dread of the demon- 
spirits of the dead, who would, they thought, do 
them harm. 

Livingstone thought what a pity it was that such 
cruel acts should be done in such a fine country, just 



no LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

because the people believed in witches and demons 
instead of a Father-God. 

Livingstone was thinking of these things one day 
in Cassange, when, looking up, he saw running to- 
ward the house a man from Loanda with letters 
and papers. They were papers all the way from 
England addressed to himself. He eagerly opened 
them and read in the Times of London about the 
Crimean AA'ar, w^hich was then being waged. There 
was the story of the dashing charge of the Light 
Brigade. To read this made him as excited as it 
does all people who admire daring. Livingstone 
himself did not carry lance and sword like a soldier ; 
and he was mounted — not on a dashing horse, but 
on a lumbering ox. In the very days, however, 
when he was reading in the Times of the brave 
soldiers, he was himself, like the Light Brigade, 
charging 

Into the valley of death, 

the valley of Cassange, to rescue the people there 
and in all Africa from the dread of the slave-gang, 
and witch-doctors, and demons. 

He pushed on eastward back towards Linyanti — 
which was '^ home " for his companions. 

One day the head man of a village came into 
Livingstone's camp and began quarreling. One 
of Livingstone's men lost his temper and gave him 
a blow on the mouth. This was the onlv time when 




THE FOREST PERILOUS 



*'THE FOREST PERILOUS" iii 

one of Livingstone's men lost his temper on the 
whole journey, and this man was the least brave of 
the whole company. They gave the head man a gun 
and five pieces of cloth to make it up; but he asked 
for more. Livingstone refused it. 

So they departed : but suddenly as Livingstone 
on his ox, followed by his men, wound along the 
path through the forest, they heard the crackling of 
branches and the sound of men rushing after them. 
The village men rushed out, hurled javelins, fired 
shots, and knocked burdens off the heads of some of 
Livingstone's carriers, hoping to make them fly and 
so to run off themselves with the plunder. 

Livingstone was very ill with fever, but he forgot 
his sickness in this moment of danger, turned, 
staggered down the path toward the enemy, drew 
his revolver, with which he never shot a man, and 
threatened the chief with it. Livingstone's fearless 
face, and the sight of six barrels aimed at him, 
made the chief shake with fright. 

" Oh ! I have only come to speak to you ; I wish 
peace only," he quavered. 

They examined the chief's gun and found that he 
had just fired at them! 

"We, too, wish peace," said Livingstone; *' if 
you do, also, then go home to your village." 

'' I am afraid that you will shoot me in the 
back," answered the chief. 

" If you are afraid of me, I am not afraid of 



112 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

you," replied Livingstone, and calmly turned his 
back on the chief and mounted his ox. 

Livingstone's men were so delighted with the re- 
sult that they kept shouting to one another like 
boys, saying what wonderful deeds they would have 
done if Livingstone had not stopped the fight. 

Soon after this they met a man leading eight 
good-looking African women in a chain, taking 
them to be sold for ivory tusks. A poor little slave- 
girl who was ill and too tall and slender for her age, 
turned aside from the slave-party and was lost in 
the forest. Livingstone and his companions looked 
for her for a whole day, but they could not find her. 
She must have slept in the forest, and wakening 
have wandered on until she dropped. 

" Ga ha na pelii " (" They have no heart "), said 
Livingstone's Makololo men angrily of the slave- 
traders. 

They passed on, crossing rivers that ran north- 
ward into the Kongo, and walking through vast 
forests full of climbing plants, so tough that one 
man had to go in front with a hatchet to clear the 
way. The narrow path zigzagged through the 
forest, around the trunks of great trees that tow- 
ered above them making a green darkness, as though 
they were walking at the bottom of a deep sea. 
There were no large animals in this forest — no ante- 
lopes feeding beside dark buffaloes, but only mice 
and snakes. Livingstone longed to get back to 



" THE FOREST PERILOUS " 113 

the banks of the Zambezi, where the animals 
abounded. 

When they came to within ten miles of the bank 
of the Kassai river — a large tributary of the Kongo 
— the chief, Kawawa, demanded an ox, gunpowder, 
a gun, and a robe — or a man as a slave. 

'' I shall stop you from crossing the river if you 
refuse," said Kawawa. 

'' I refuse," said Livingstone, who would not be 
bullied. 

Then the African subjects of Kawawa rushed 
away for their bows, arrows, and spears with which 
to kill Livingstone and his men. Livingstone's men 
wanted to fight, but he told them to take up their 
luggage and march. They obeyed and all the party 
moved off into the forest, the people of Kawawa 
gazing after them but not shooting. 

When they reached the Kassai river they found 
that four of Kawawa's men had rushed on and 
given orders to the ferrymen to refuse a passage. 
The ferry canoe was taken away : the river was 
a hundred yards broad and was deep. 

Livingstone thought of swimming over when the 
Kawawa people were gone. But after it was dark, 
Pitsane, one of Livingstone's men, went along the 
bank, found where the canoe was hidden, brought 
it along, ferried the party over, returned the canoe, 
with some beads in it for good-will, to its hiding- 
place, and swam back to Livingstone. They all 



114 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

went into camp and slept — though the Africans 
could not go to sleep for some time because they 
kept roaring with laughter at the faces the Kawawa 
would make the next morning when they found 
what had happened. 

" Ah ! ye are bad ! " came a shout from the oppo- 
site side of the river in the morning from some of 
the Kawawa people, as they saw Livingstone's party 
starting off. 

" Ah ! ye are good," shouted Pitsane and the 
others. " We thank you for the loan of the canoe ! " 

They were rejoiced after many miles of dark 
forest to come out in sight of the waters of Lake 
Dilolo, with waves lashing its shore. Having said 
good-by to the Lord of Dilolo, a fat, jolly chief, 
they passed on, and were glad once more to be 
among the friendly tribes of the Zambezi. 

All the women of Libonta, the first village of 
Sekeletu to which they came, rushed out with loud 
luUiloos, dancing and waving sticks, as the party 
approached. The diviners of the tribe had long ago 
said that Livingstone and all his men were dead : 
yet here they were back again, and — in spite of all 
perils and fever — every one of the twenty-eight was 
alive. 

The Libonta people gave oxen, milk, meal, and 
butter to Livingstone and his men. Strangers 
flocked in from a distance. Livingstone held a 
thanksgiving service, at which his men dressed them- 



"THE FOREST PERILOUS" 115 

selves up in their beautiful new suits with red caps 
which were given to them at Loanda. They tried 
to walk stiffly like the soldiers they had seen at 
Loanda, called themselves Livingstone's hatlahain, 
or " braves," and enjoyed being the center of ad- 
miration of all the women and children. 

At last they reached Linyanti, the home of the 
Makololo, in triumph. Livingstone was amused at 
the pride of his men as they strutted into the village 
with their new clothes, which they had carefully 
carried all the way from Loanda. He heard them 
boasting : 

" We went on till we had finished the whole 
world. We only turned when there was no more 
land!" 



CHAPTER IX 
'•' SOUNDING SMOKE " 



Still 


be 
on 


ours the diet 
the ground, 
Pioneers ! 


hard, and 

O Pioneers 

Walt 


the blanket 

1 

Whitman. 




A BABY HIPPOPOTAMUS RIDING ON HIS MOTHER'S BACK 



CHAPTER IX 



SOUNDING SMOKE" 



The Pathfinder had now discovered a way from 
the heart of Africa out to the Atlantic. He had 
brought back his men. But it was a hard and fever- 
stricken path. He wondered if there might not be 
a better way down the Zambezi to the east coast. 

Chief Sekeletu was proud of having helped Liv- 
ingstone. He now loved him more than ever. So 
Sekeletu gave Livingstone one hundred and twenty 
of his men to go with him down the Zambezi, and 
thirteen oxen for riding and for food. 

Once more they started out on "the long trail," 
this time going east instead of west. They came 
quickly to a patch of forest where the tsetse fly — 
so deadly to horses and oxen — lived. Men went on 
in advance to make a camp, while Livingstone with 
some younger men waited to take the animals 
through at night when the tsetse fly sleeps. 

119 



120 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

They started at night through the trees in pitch 
darkness, when flash after flash of a thunderstorm 
burst upon them. The Hghtning spread in eight 
or ten forks across the sky, while sheet Hghtning 
that made the whole country visible was followed 
by dense darkness and deafening thunder-claps that 
made the horses tremble. The young men were not 
afraid, but laughed as they bumped against one 
another in the darkness. 

The rain came rushing down and the night was 
cold after the heat of the day. All their bedding 
and the tent had gone on, yet they could never get 
through the storm to where the camp had settled. 
So they turned aside to a camp-fire which had been 
deserted by whoever had lighted it. Livingstone lay 
down in his wet clothes on the cold ground to try 
to sleep. He felt a touch, and looking up saw 
Sekeletu. 

" Here, my father, is my blanket," said the young 
chief. " You take it to keep you warm." 

Sekeletu would not be refused. He wrapped the 
blanket round Livingstone and went off to lie down 
uncovered on the cold, damp ground. 

They went on down the Chobe to the great 
Zambezi. Some paddled along the river in canoes, 
while others drove the oxen on the banks. One day 
Livingstone saw five strange columns of vapor 
rising in the air miles ahead, and he heard the sound 
of distant booming in the air. 



"SOUNDING SMOKE" 121 

"It is Mosi-oa-timya" ("Sounding Smoke ")^ 
said the Makololo. 

The river rolled on more and more swiftly; 
slowly and carefully the Africans guided the canoe 
out of the rushing waters into the quieter eddies in 
the center of the stream, behind an island. Living- 
stone landed, crept to the very edge of the island 
and looked over. The mighty river, more than a 
mile wide, rolled over the edge of a precipice, dash- 
ing down four hundred feet, with the roar of many 
waters. 

It fell sheer into a narrow zigzag chasm, where 
it went seething and rushing between gigantic cliffs 
of rock. The spray rose in five great columns that 
hid the sun. In the spray hung a many-colored 
double rainbow, a beautiful bridge of quietness over 
the rage of the tumbling water. 

It was November, 1855. Livingstone was the 
first white man who ever saw " Sounding Smoke," 
which is much larger than the Niagara Falls in 
America. He named it the Victoria Falls. On the 
island at the brink of the falls, to which he was 
able to go, he carved his initials with his knife on 
the trunk of a tree, where they can be faintly seen 
to-day. 

He left the Zambezi, with its dark Africans who 
were almost black, and marched northeast to the 
higher ground, where the people were a light coffee 
color. He found this higher land healthier, and 



122 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

hoped that it might be — as it is — a place where 
missionaries could work. 

From this country of gentle hills, the party began 
to march down the gradual slope that was to lead 
them to the east coast. They had now come into 
new dangers, for they were at the end of their own 
Makololo country, and had come where the Batlea 
lived. These men were rebels against Sekeletu's 
rule. 

Some of these savage men came up in the even- 
ing and tried to spear a young Makololo who had 
gone for water. One of them rushed at Livingstone 
with glaring eyes and foaming lips, howling hid- 
eously and swinging a battle-ax. Livingstone 
showed no fear, but looked the man steadily in the 
face. His own men obeyed his orders not to knock 
the frenzied savage on the head. But Sekwebu, a 
Makololo, held his spear ready to kill the man if 
he really struck at Livingstone. Livingstone simply 
asked one of the Batlea who was more friendly to 
take this madman away. He was obeyed. 

On the next day Livingstone went up on to the 
rocks with his instruments to work out the right 
direction for their journey. Looking through his 
glass he saw, two miles off, an elephant and her 
calf. The calf was rolling in the mud; its mother 
fanned herself with her great ears. 

A line of Livingstone's men were closing round 
the animals, who were quietly enjoying themselves, 



" SOUNDING SMOKE " 123 

unsuspicious of danger. With spears in hand the 
men approached, and the elephants became aware 
of the danger. The calf ran forward, but the men 
turned it back, shouting and singing: 

" O chief ! chief ! we have come to kill you." 
The mother-elephant placed herself between the 
men and her calf and fled across the rivulet. The 
men came closer and hurled their javelins at her. 
Livingstone had sent orders that they were not to 
kill the calf, but before Sekwebu, the messenger, 
reached the rivulet the men had speared it. The 
elephant charged at them again and again, but they 
hid behind trees each time, till at last, wounded by 
many javelins, she sank slowly to her knees and 
died. 

A perilous adventure met Livingstone when he 
came to the place where the Loangwa river runs 
into the Zambezi on its north bank. Men, half 
Portuguese, half African, had some time before an- 
gered the chief, who now thought that Livingstone 
was of the same race. He threatened Livingstone, 
who opened his shirt, showed the chief his white 
skin where it had not been tanned by the sun, and 
said: 

'' Are the Bazinka like that ? " 
'' No," said the chief, '' they are not." 
Livingstone could see, however, that it was more 
than likely that the still suspicious chief would give 
orders for him to be knocked on the head and killed 



124 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

on the following day, when he was to cross the 
river. 

Should he cross secretly by night, he asked him- 
self, and so escape? 

He felt no fear for himself, only that it would 
be a pity for all the discoveries that he had made 
for the opening up of this country to be utterly 
lost. He opened his tin box, took from it his Bible, 
and in the flickering light read : 

" Go ye therefore and teach all nations, 
and lo, I am with you always." 

" It is," he told himself, '' the word of a Gentle- 
man of the most sacred and strictest honor. I will 
not cross furtively by night as I intended. It would 
appear as flight, and should such a man as I flee? 
Nay, verily, I shall take observations for latitude and 
longitude to-night, though they may be the last." 

In the morning the threatening natives came, all 
armed with spears, and gathered around Livingstone 
and his men as they went to the banks of the river 
to cross in the one canoe that was lent to them. 
It looked as though they would let some of the party 
go across, and slay the others. 

First the Makololo carried their burdens over in 
the big canoe, then the oxen. The men followed. 
Livingstone stayed till the last. But while the canoe 
was going to and fro he took out his watch, his 
magnifying lens, and other things from his pocket. 
He showed these armed and threatening savage 




THE MOTHER-ELEPHANT PLACED HERSELF BETWEEN THE MEN 
AND HER calf" 



" SOUNDING SMOKE " 125 

Africans how to burn with the lens by focusing 
the sun's rays through it. He let them listen to the 
ticking of his watch, while he explained how it told 
the time. They came close round him listening, 
looking, and asking questions. 

When his companions had crossed, Livingstone 
thanked the armed natives for lending the canoe 
to him. 

" I wish you peace," said Livingstone, and, enter- 
ing the canoe, was paddled across the river. No 
man raised a spear to harm him. 

Most of the people in the villages on this journey 
had been kind to them and given them food. As 
there were one hundred and fourteen in Living- 
stone's party, this meant that the people had been 
very generous. 

" Did I not tell you," said Sekwebu, Livingstone's 
head man, "that these people have hearts?" 

" Yes," answered some of his companions. 
" Look ! although we have been so long away from 
home, not one of us has become lean." 

As they got nearer and nearer to the Portuguese 
on the east coast, however, they found the dark 
trail of the slave-trade. The minds of the people 
there were poisoned against them, because they had 
seen men with smooth hair and brown faces — like 
Livingstone — carry off their children into slavery. 

Livingstone wished to cross to the south bank of 
the Zambezi because of a war that had been going on 



126 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

between the Portuguese and the natives on the north 
bank. He came toward the village of Mpende, who 
sent him no messengers — a sign that he was an 
enemy. At sunrise a party of Mpende's people, 
waving red rags and shouting with hideous screams, 
came toward Livingstone's camp and lighted a fire, 
into which they threw magic charms. They be- 
lieved that these charms would harm Livingstone's 
party. They then turned and disappeared toward 
their village. 

Armed men were now collecting from all quarters 
toward Livingstone's camp. His own men were in 
fighting fettle and desired nothing more than to put 
their javelins into Mpende. 

" You have seen us with elephants," said some of 
the hot-headed young men to Livingstone, as they 
shook their spears in the direction of the village, 
" but you don't know yet what we can do with men." 

Livingstone, as he always did, sternly forbade 
them to strike at all, except in defense of them- 
selves. Mpende sent spies to watch them. To two 
of these spies Livingstone gave the leg of an ox, 
saying : 

*' Take this to Mpende. I wish peace." 

Soon after this two gray-haired, wrinkled men 
came from Mpende, and looking out with curious 
eyes at Livingstone asked : 

*^Who are you?" 

** I am a Lekoa " (an Englishman), he replied. 



" SOUNDING SMOKE " 127 

" We do not know that tribe," they said. " We 
suppose that you are a Mozunga " (a Portuguese), 
'' the tribe with which we have been fighting." 

Livingstone showed them the white skin of his 
chest and asked : 

*' Have they skin Hke that ? " 

" No," said the old men of Mpende's village ; '' we 
never saw skin so white as that." Then, after 
a pause, they added, " Ah ! you must be one of that 
tribe that has heart to [loves] the black men." 

'' Yes, indeed," said Livingstone, '' that is my 
tribe," glad to think that even in the heart of 
Africa the people had heard that white men of the 
Anglo-Saxon race " had heart to " them. 

Sekwebu, Livingstone's head man, went to talk 
to Mpende, who, when he had made up his mind not 
to fight him, but to be friendly, said : 

" Well, the white man ought to cross to the other 
side of the river. This bank is hilly and rough, and 
the way to Tette is shorter on the other side." 

" But who will take us across ? " asked Sekwebu. 

" You shall cross," said Mpende, by which he 
meant that he was now real " friends " with them, 
and would lend the canoes. 

They all crossed to the south bank of the Zambezi 
in large canoes, leaving the whole of Mpende's tribe, 
which had been so threatening when they came, full 
of friendliness and good-will, as Livingstone always 
tried to do. 



128 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

His own men made Livingstone their hero more 
and more after this. For they saw what power he 
had to win men to his way, and they heard — both 
from free men and from slaves whom they met — 
that the white men of Livingstone's tribe were as 
brothers and not as slave-drivers among the 
Africans. 

One day, going along the bank of the Zambezi, 
they met some native traders carrying bundles of 
calico. Livingstone produced two small elephant 
tusks and offered them to the traders in return for 
some clothing for his men, many of whom were 
now naked. He found that the calico had come all 
the way from America, for it was stamped " Law- 
rence Mills, Lowell." 

Soon after this the men chased and slew an 
elephant for food. There was too much for them, 
to eat then, and it would not keep good in the heat. 
Hyenas gathered round and kept up a loud laughter 
for two whole nights. 

" What are the hyenas laughing at ? " asked Liv- 
ingstone of his men. 

'' They are laughing," the Makololo replied, '' be- 
cause we cannot eat it all and shall have to leave 
plenty for them ! " 

As they went on Livingstone enjoyed watching 
all the animals that roamed over the country, from 
the elephant and the fierce black rhinoceros to the 
tiniest insects all happy at their work. For instance, 




"Ilii LET THEM LISTEN TO THE lICKINd OV HIS WATCH " 



" SOUNDING SMOKE " 129 

when he was waiting by the side of this dead ele- 
phant, he saw insects hke grains of sand running 
about on his tin box. He took his magnifying glass 
and saw one insect all green and gold tidying its tiny 
wings, another as clear as a piece of crystal, a third 
a brilliant red, while another was jet-black. Every- 
where he found something to wonder over. 

In the forest he listened to the hum of the insects 
flying and the singing of the birds. Their voices 
were, he said, like English birds singing in a foreign 
language. Some were like the lark, two like the 
thrush; others brought the chaffinch, the robin, and 
the startled blackbird to his mind. One bird would 
sound a note like the twanging of a violin string, 
another said slowly '' Peek, pak, pok." The turtle- 
doves murmured '' Pumpura, pumpura," while the 
honey-guide — which would lead Livingstone to the 
hives of the wild bees — said " Chicken, chik, churr, 
churr." Near the villages the cheeky mocking-bird 
would make them laugh by imitating the roosters 
and hens. 

On March 2, 1856, Livingstone, who was worn 
with travel and lack of food, could go no farther. 
He lay down to rest about eight miles from Tette 
on the Zambezi, where a Portuguese commandant 
lived. He sent messages on to the commandant. 
About two o'clock in the morning the Makololo 
were frightened by the sudden appearance of a 
company of soldiers with two officers. 



I30 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

" We are captured," they cried as they woke 
Livingstone. 

But the soldiers had come bringing a fine break- 
fast, which Livingstone said was the most refresh- 
ing that he had ever eaten in his Hf e ! He eagerly 
walked the last eight rough miles to Tette. After 
resting there, he went on in a large canoe to Quili- 
mane, the port from which he was to sail to Britain, 
which he had not seen for sixteen years. Nor had 
he spoken a word of English for three and a half 
years. 

The time came for him to sail and leave his 
Makololo men. He settled most of them at Tette on 
plantations. Some went with him to Quilimane. 
They said that they would go on with him to Britain 
and find Ma-Robert and her children. 

Livingstone told them that they must wait in 
Africa for his return. He could not pay for their 
passage on the steamer to England. 

" Nothing but death will prevent my return," he 
said. 

"Nay, father," they replied, '^ you will not die; 
you will return to take us back to Sekeletu." 

One man stayed with him to the end, pleading 
with Livingstone to take him on board ship. 

" You will die," said Livingstone, " if you go to 
such a cold country as mine." 

'' That is nothing," said the African, '' let me die 
at your feet." 



CHAPTER X 
FACING POISONED ARROWS 



Sir Gawaine asked the knight if he knew 
any adventures in that country. I shall show 
you some to-morn, said the old knight, and 
that marvelous. So, on the morn they rode 
into the forest of adventures. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthur^ Book iv, Ch. xix. 



'^}S^ 



"'?|"H;PvIfFT[T[h 




THE "MA-ROBERT ON THE ZAMBEZI 



CHAPTER X 
FACING POISONED ARROWS 

Livingstone reached home in time to have a 
merry Christmas with his three boys and Agnes in 
1856. He had such games with them as they had 
never had in their lives, for when they were quite 
small'in Africa he seemed to have no time for play- 
ing with his children. When the spring came the 
British flowers and birds made him quite excited; 
he had not seen them for so long. 

" We have," he said joyfully, " seen daisies, prim- 
roses, hawthorns, and robin redbreasts." 

Lions and elephants seemed quite dull compared 
with robins ! He used to take the children for walks 
in the summer in the Barnet woods, near London, 
and would suddenly run off, plunge in among the 
ferns and shrubs, and hide, while they would search 
for him like red Indians; then he would startle 



133 



134 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

them by coming out just where they did not 
expect him. 

Ma-Robert hardly knew what to do for joy at 
seeing him after so many years. She wrote a Httle 
poem to him when he was on his way home, and 
when he at last came to her he read it. This is one 
verse : 

A hundred thousand welcomes ! how my heart is gushing o'er 
With the love and joy and wonder thus to see your face once 

more. 
How did I live without you these long, long years of wo? 
It seems as if 'twould kill me to be parted from you now. 

He went to see his own mother. His father, who 
had seen him off from the quay at Glasgow sixteen 
years before, had died just before Livingstone 
reached home. This traveler, w^ho had faced lions 
and the spears of savages without a tremor of weak- 
ness, broke down and burst into tears when he saw 
his father's empty chair. He had so looked forward 
to talking over his adventures with his father. 

Ma-Robert and the children could not have him 
all to themselves, however, even at home in Britain, 
for he was now one of the most famous men in all 
the land. He was obliged to go to scientific so- 
cieties, to big meetings, and to the great universities, 
to make speeches — which he disliked very much — ■ 
and to receive medals of honor. They also made 
him write a book about his adventures. It is called 
Missionary Travels. 




"he went to see queen victoria" 



FACING POISONED ARROWS 135 

One day he went to see the boys and girls of 
Queen Victoria, the eldest of whom afterwards be- 
came King Edward VII. They liked to hear the 
adventures of this strong brown-faced traveler. 
On another day he went to see Queen Victoria. 
She laughed very much when, after telling her how 
glad he was that now he could tell the Africans that 
he had really seen his chief, he said : 

*' The first question they will ask will be, * How 
many cows has she got? ' " 

The Africans, having no money, he explained, 
reckoned their wealth chiefly by cattle, though some 
also by tusks. 

One day he went to Glasgow to be made a Doctor 
of Laws, because of his great- discoveries. The 
undergraduates came, as usual at times like that, 
armed with pea-shooters, trumpets, and noisy rattles, 
all ready to stamp and shout and make fun in the 
gallery. 

Livingstone walked in with his strong, resolute 
" forward-tread," his face burned brown by the 
African sun and seamed with the lines of pain 
through many fevers. His left arm hung limp. The 
students remembered the lion-bite and all the thou- 
sand perils this plain, sunburnt man had faced. 
The rattles and the trumpets were silent; no pea- 
shooter was used, not a foot stamped. They lis- 
tened in perfect silence to this man whom they felt 
to be the greatest hero they had seen. 



136 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

He told them about some of his perils and adven- 
tures. Then he asked : 

'' Shall I tell you what sustained me amidst the 
toil, the hardship, and loneliness of my exiled life? 
It was the promise, ' Lo, I am with you always^ 
even unto the end.' " 

He was happiest when he was enjoying himself 
among friends rather than when speaking at big 
meetings. He liked boys especially. One day he 
went to see a boy w^ho was ill in bed. He told the 
boy with his own lips the lion-adventure story that 
you have read, and then he took off his coat, turned 
up his shirt-sleeve, and showed the boy the very 
tooth-marks that the lion had made in his arm. 

A boy in his first week in the geography class 
to-day can learn more about African lakes, rivers, 
and mountains than the wisest men knew before 
Livingstone came back to Britain. They had said, 
'' Africa is a great desert." Livingstone showed 
them for the first time that it is full of great rivers 
and lakes. They had said, ''The Africans are all 
cruel, fighting savages." Livingstone showed the 
people that, when treated kindly, the Africans were 
good, faithful friends, like his Makololo, 

Livingstone, however, wanted to find out still 
more. He wished to discover some high, healthy 
place in Central Africa where white men could train 
African teachers and preachers. He planned to 



FACING POISONED ARROWS 137 

open up paths through the jungles, and explore the 
rivers so thoroughly that they should become the 
highways of the nations. He believed that the com- 
ing of white settlers and European trade to Cen- 
tral Africa would hinder the slavers in their cruel 
business. To strike the death-blow of the slave- 
trade was growing to be a great purpose of his life. 

To be quite free to go anywhere as he thought 
best he gave up his position under the London Mis- 
sionary Society. The government gave him the 
powers of a British consul. In the early spring 
of 1858 a government ship, the Pearl, steamed out 
from the quay at Liverpool with Livingstone, Ma- 
Rcbert and their youngest boy Oswell, waving hand- 
kerchiefs to the friends who had come to say 
good-by. When the Pearl reached Cape Town 
they met grandfather Moffat. Mrs. Livingstone 
stayed with her father and mother, while Living- 
stone steamed up the east coast to where the many 
mouths of the Zambezi ran through steaming man- 
grove swamps and jungle into the sea. 

Strange steel plates, engines, and a funnel were 
hoisted out from the hold of the Pearl. When 
screwed together they made a little steam launch, 
which was christened the Ma-Robert, after Mrs. 
Livingstone. The Pearl and the Ma-Robert then 
steamed up the Kongone, the deepest mouth of the 
Zambezi. 

Great palms stood up like church spires on the 



138 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

banks; bright yellow hibiscus flowers flamed along 
the bank; wild date-palms and huge ferns waved 
their fronds as the boats passed. Bright kingfishers 
shot along like streaks of light and settled down 
again to watch them from a tree-stump. The dig- 
nified fish-hawk sailed away on his great wings, 
while the shining ibis rose and flew off, shrieking 
" Ha, ha, ha ! " 

Along the river they saw, half -hidden among the 
banana and cocoa-palms, Africans scampering down 
the ladders in front of their native huts, which 
were built on legs above the marshy ground. These 
sw^amp-dwellers opened their eyes, astonished, at the 
puffing steamers. 

'' It is a village," said one old man as he stood on 
the deck of the Pearl. '' Is it made out of one tree 
like our canoes? " 

They paddled along behind the steamer in their 
swift canoes shouting, Malonda {" things for sale "), 
and holding up fowls and baskets of rice. 

At last the Pearl and Ma-Robert steamed out of 
the Kongone into the main stream of the broad 
Zambezi. The river here was too shallow for the 
Pearl, so they put her stores on shore at Shupanga, 
a Portuguese settlement, and the Ma-Robert launch 
went on alone. She snorted and puffed, yet for all 
her fussy noise went very slowly. Her furnaces 
burnt wood only, and it took three days to cut 
enough wood to drive her for two days. She was 



FACING POISONED ARROWS 139 

a great disappointment to Livingstone, who nick- 
named her the " Asthmatic," because she was so 
wheezy. 

At last, however, she paddled up to Tette, where 
Dr. Livingstone had left his Makololo friends. He 
went ashore, and at once they rushed down and 
shouted with joy at seeing him. 

" They said that you would not come back," cried 
the Africans, '* but we trusted you." 

Some were so overjoyed that they ran to put 
their arms round him, but the others scolded them, 
saying : 

*' Don't touch him, you will spoil his new 
clothes ! " 

The I^Iakololo climbed aboard the '' Asthmatic " 
and the party went on up the river. They came to 
a place where the Zambezi tumbled over rocks and 
swirled round boulders through miles of shallow 
rapids. 

Here Livingstone, his friend Dr. Kirk, and some 
Makololo left the launch. They waded along the 
shallow stream and scrambled over the boulders till, 
with much difficulty, they reached the other end 
of the rapids. 

Right up in front of them stood a great moun-^ 
tain, at the foot of which the Zambezi flowed. 
Their guide said, " The river is all smooth above 
here. I have hunted there. I know." 

So they turned back, thinking these rapids 



I40 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

exhausted all the difficulties of steaming up the 
river. 

That night, as they sat in camp around their fire, 
two Africans came and said : 

'' The guide has told you wrong. It is not all 
smooth water above. There is a cataract called 
Morumhwaf' Livingstone turned to the guide ask- 
ing if this w^as so. 

" I will not take you there," said the guide. '' No 
man can reach it — nor could an elephant, a hippo- 
potamus, or a crocodile." 

Livingstone determined to go. 

The mountains rose three thousand feet high on 
either side of the river like a huge trough, all black 
rock and thornbush. They jumped from crag to 
boulder and crawled round the edges of a cliff where 
a false step would have hurled the whole party into 
boiling eddies of the river. The sun beat down on 
the black rock till it was so hot that they could not 
bear to put their hands on it. The bare feet of 
the Makololo were blistered. Livingstone heard 
their grumbling. 

" We thought he had a heart. He has none. No 
one can walk here and live. He has gone mad." 

At last they heard the roar of waters and came to 
the Morumbwa Cataract, where the mile-wide river, 
caught at a bend in the mountains, was jammed in 
a space fifty yards wide and poured down in one 
boiling flood. 



FACING POISONED ARROWS 141 

The cataract was beautiful, but it meant a barrier 
against Livingstone's aim, for he wished to find 
a way for trade to go by water up into the heart of 
Africa. He found that the cataract could be passed 
by a powerful steamer when the river was in full 
flood, but the '' Asthmatic " was useless for this, and 
the river was now low. 

" Let us turn off from the Zambezi and travel up 
the unexplored tributary, the Shire," said Living- 
stone when they got back to Shupanga. 

" It is impossible," replied the Portuguese and 
the natives, explaining that the river was choked 
with duckweed and that the natives would shoot 
them with poisoned arrows. Livingstone, however, 
spent his whole life doing things that men said were 
impossible. So they turned the bow of the steam 
launch up the Shire, on which no white man had 
ever traveled before. As they looked out at the 
banks they saw natives, with bows and arrows, 
dodging behind trees and taking aim at them. 

Five hundred armed Africans gathered on the 
bank at a village over which Chief Tingane ruled. 
He had never allowed any Portuguese to go up, 
nor any Africans to come down, the river. He was 
a gray-haired man over six feet tall. The fierce 
savages all shouted to the steamer to go back and 
threatened to kill the travelers with their poisoned 
arrows. 

Taking his life in his hands, Livingstone, unarmed 



142 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

and unprotected, went ashore — alone among this 
horde of warlike, angry savages. 

The very daring of his calm, smiling approach 
to a terrible death seemed to awe them. 

'' I am come," he said, '' in peace. I will not 
make slaves. I am English. I wish to find a path 
so that we may come and buy cotton from you. 
There is one Father above all, whose children we all 
are, whether brown or white. He is displeased if 
we sell or buy our brothers." 

Tingane thought this was good and made friends 
at once. The steamer was allowed to go on up the 
river. They went on for two hundred miles of 
river till they came to six foaming cataracts, which 
they called the Murchison Falls. They could go no 
farther by water with the Ma-Robert. 

The " Asthmatic " now leaked in a thousand 
places, so the cabin was always wet, and therefore 
full of mosquitoes. But she snorted her way back 
down the Shire and up the Zambezi to Tette, and 
then again on a second voyage to these Shire cata- 
racts. 

Wonderful sights met Livingstone at every bend 
of the river. There were pineapple and orange and 
lemon trees; monkeys swung from the creepers, 
hawks swooped down for fish, and antelopes fled 
among the trees. 

In one great marsh he counted eight hundred 
elephants and captured a little one. He told his 



FACING POISONED ARROWS 143 

son Tom about this in a letter to England. It was, 
he said, " about the size of the largest dog you ever 
saw, but one of the Makololo, in a state of excite- 
ment, cut its trunk so that it bled very much and 
died in two days. Had it lived, we should have sent 
it to the Queen, as no African elephant was ever 
seen in England." 

One day they shot two enormous pythons — ser- 
pents — ten feet long. 

From the masthead of the steamer Livingstone 
watched the long-necked cormorant birds take 
'' headers " into the stream, while big-pouched 
pelicans swam on the water and long-legged herons 
stared into the water for fish. Little weaver birds — ■ 
all red and yellow — chattered to their mates in their 
hanging nests among the grass. Pretty little haw^ks 
darted after glittering dragon-flies. 

Landing, they marched — forty-two in all — north- 
east along the bank of a flowing stream. They then 
started to climb the Manganja hills, looking back 
from the height to the silver stream, the green 
forests, and the distant blue mountains. The air 
was cool and they slept under the trees, as they 
were now above the damp river land where the 
mosquitoes live. 

They found the beautiful Lake Shirwa. Later on 
their path followed the Shire above the Murchison 
Cataracts, until at last, just before midday on 
September 16, 1859, the waters of Lake Nyassa 



144 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

gleamed before them, stretching a\yay beyond the 
hmits of sight. Livingstone was the first white man 
who ever saw Lake Nyassa. They slept that night 
at the foot of a giant banyan tree, where four could 
lie between two of the enormous serpent roots. 

Dealers came to them there offering boys and 
girls for sale as slaves. When Livingstone said 
that they were Anglo-Saxons the men were afraid. 
They decamped and ran oft" during the night, for 
they knew that the British were trying to stop this 
horrible wrong to Africa. 

The Alakololo grasped their spears. Their hands 
twitched and their eyes gleamed with anger as they 
saw their brother Africans being carried off into 
slavery. 

" Oh ! " they said to Livingstone, their voices 
hoarse with w-rath, '' why won't you let us choke 
them?" 



CHAPTER XI 

THE SMOKE OF BURNING VILLAGES 



And there was a fair town full of people; 
and all the people, men and women, cried at 
once : Welcome, Sir Launcelot du Lake, for by 
thee all we shall be holpen out of danger. 

And then they marveled what knight he 
was . . . delivered all these prisoners. 

Have ye no marvel, said the damosel, for 
the best knight in the world was here and did 
this journey. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthii.7\ Book ix, Ch. vii. 




THE " PIONEER 



CHAPTER XI 
THE SMOKE OF BURNING VILLAGES 



Livingstone sat down and wrote long letters 
home to Britain, saying : " Come out and found a 
colony here : send missionaries, farmers, workers." 

Newly captured slaves were being carried across 
Lake Nyassa packed in rakish Arab dhows/ He 
saw that a single British steamer on that lake could 
stop its slave traffic. He looked on its lovely shores 
and the green hillsides and imagined those paths no 
longer threaded by wretched slave gangs, but alive 
with a missionary colony of British and American 
people. 

While waiting for an answer to his letters, he 
sailed back down the Shire and Zambezi to Tette 
in the snorting " Asthmatic," which now leaked at 

1 The dhow is a swift sailing ship used on the east coast of 
Africa and in the Indian Ocean. 

147 



148 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

every joint, while her engines clanked and groaned 
at every stroke. 

He landed at Tette, and then carried out his old 
promise and led his Makololo back to their own 
land, which they had left years before. They 
struggled back along the old trail, past the Victoria 
Falls to Linyanti. 

It made him sad to see that all the missionaries 
who had gone to teach the Makololo had died, and 
poor Sekeletu was ill. He was glad to see his 
friend, the young chief, again. 

He watched the Makololo girls and boys playing 
their games. One game was that of carrying a little 
girl on the shoulders of two others, who walked 
about with her, while all the others clapped their 
hands. The children stopped before each hut and 
sang pretty airs, beating time with stamping of feet 
and clapping of hands. 

Most of their play was " Let's pretend." The 
girls " made believe " to be mothers, building little 
huts, making small pots, hoeing tiny gardens, cook- 
ing and pounding corn. The boys flung spears made 
of reed and pointed with wood and carried small 
shields, or shot at trees with small bows and arrows ; 
or they made little cattle-pens, into which they drove 
cows which they had made of clay — even to the 
quaintly curved horns. 

The people watched him. One Makololo woman 
— Tselane — seeing Dr. Livingstone making scientific 



THE SMOKE OF BURNING VILLAGES 149 

observations with his thermometers, laughed and 
said roguishly : 
. '* Poor thing! playing like a little child." 

He traveled back down to the Zambezi again, 
some of his Makololo friends still keeping with 
him. The old " Asthmatic," that mosquito-haunted, 
groaning, wheezing steamer, ran aground on a 
sand-bank and sank to the bottom of the river. 

In answer to Livingstone's letters, however, a 
new vessel was on its way out — the splendid little 
steamer Pioneer, which had only qne drawback : she 
drew five feet of water instead of three, with the 
result that she was always running aground on 
sand-banks. 

A group of men waved their hands to Living- 
stone from the deck of the Pioneer as she steamed 
into the Zambezi. They were Bishop Mackenzie 
and a band of missionaries sent out by Oxford and 
Cambridge universities, in England, to work in 
the Shire Valley. They steamed with him up the 
Shire to the Murchison Cataracts, and then walked 
up to the highlands near Lake Nyassa. 

In front of them a cruel gang of Portuguese had 
gone, saying: 

" We are the children of the Doctor." 

The natives for love of Livingstone had wel- 
comed them, and then had found themselves in the 
grip of the slave-trader. 

Round the corner of a hill came a long line of 



I50 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

men, women, and children, chained and roped to 
one another, with slave-sticks riveted round the 
necks of the men. 

African slave-drivers, with muskets on their 
shoulders, swaggered along in triumph, beating the 
captives and blowing with pride on long tin horns. 

Their leader caught sight -of Livingstone. His 
face changed. He gave the alarm. In a moment 
the jaunty bullies were flying like mad into the 
forest. The soles of their coward-feet and their red 
caps were all that could be seen. 

With joyful eagerness Livingstone and his friends 
drew their knives and cut the bonds of the women 
and children. Then he took a saw and cut through 
the slave-sticks that were round the necks of the 
men. With the slave-sticks they made a jolly bon- 
fire to boil breakfast for all the starving company 
of freed slaves. 

A little boy — a slave ten minutes before, but now 
free — came up to Livingstone and his men and said : 

" The others tied and starved us, you cut the 
ropes and tell us to eat. What sort of people are 
you? Where did you come from? " 

These freed slaves were the beginning of the 
Bishop's mission church. 

The smoke of burning villages, the shouts of 
triumphant warriors and wail of Manganja women 
met them two days later. Round the hillside came 
Ajawa warriors with their Manganja captives. 



THE SMOKE OF BURNING VILLAGES 151 

Taunting words to the Ajawa from some savages 
who were standing behind Livingstone angered the 
Ajawa, who began to shoot poisoned arrows. On 
they came, dancing hideously. Livingstone's party 
were obHged to fire off their rifles to frighten the 
Ajawa away. It was the first time he had ever 
failed to make peace, and that was because of the 
savages who had, from his side, shouted to the 
others. 

Livingstone left the Bishop to found his mission 
at Magomero, on Lake Nyassa. Then he turned 
back and traveled down the Shire again. He was 
quite excited. Ma-Robert — whom he had not 
seen since he left her at Cape Town — had given 
birth to a little daughter when staying with her 
mother at Kuruman, had gone home to Britain to 
see the other children, and now was coming out to 
join him again. As her ship steamed down the 
mouth of the Zambezi, she saw her husband stand- 
ing on the paddle-box of the Pioneer as it put out 
to meet her. 

Yet only a few weeks later, at Shupanga on the 
Zambezi, the fever struck her down. The Doctor, 
with his new friend Dr. Stewart, who had brought 
her to him from Britain, nursed her with tenderest 
care. But slowly she sank. Her death filled the 
brave Pathfinder with a sadness that went with him 
ever after in all his travels. 

With an aching heart he left the Zambezi. The 



152 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

weeks and months that followed were sad and dis- 
couraging for Livingstone. He longed to go home 
to comfort his motherless children. He often 
wished for rest. 

But the Pathfinder could not rest till his work 
was done. He kept bravely on, trying to finish his 
explorations. He attempted to find a shorter way 
to Lake Nyassa by the Rovuma river. Failing in 
this, he turned back down to the sea, along the 
coast, and up the Zambezi and Shire again. 

This time he tugged behind the Pioneer the little 
Lady Nyassa, a steamer built for the Nyassa lake. 
All up the valley were burnt-out villages, the 
skeletons of starved and slaughtered Africans, the 
hideous trail of the slave-trade. 

A letter from England from the government 
called Livingstone home : but he could not return 
at once as it was the dry season and the Pioneer 
could not float down till some months later, when 
the rainy season would fill the river. 

While he was waiting, he started once more for 
Lake Nyassa with a boat borne by bearers past the 
Cataracts. They had passed all the rapids save 
the last. The Makololo put the boat into smooth, 
swift-running water between these rapids, and towed 
it up till they came near to the last rapid, when 
they pulled it to the bank. 

" We will show you how to manage a boat," 
shouted some of the Zambezi men. They took the 




"away she went like ax arrow 



THE SMOKE OE BURNING VILLAGES 153 

rope from the hands of the Makololo. Three of 
them jumped into the boat: two hauled at the rope. 
The rapids caught her bow, twisted her round, and 
snatched the rope from the hands of the Zambezi 
men. 

She turned bottom upward, and swung round in 
an eddy. Then away she went like an arrow down 
the Cataracts. 

The crestfallen Zambezi men came to shore, 
bowed at Livingstone's feet, and asked forgiveness. 
Annoyed as he was, he did not like '' crying over 
spilt milk; " so he just sent them back to th^ Pioneer 
to carry up food, cloth, and beads to replace those 
lost in the boat, and walked on. 

He marched on with one white friend and a few 
Makololo companions round to the west of Lake 
Nyassa northward till he came within ten days' 
march of another lake, Bangweolo. He turned back 
before he reached it, for the rainy season was on 
them, and he would now be able to steam the 
Pioneer and Lady Nyassa down the Zambezi and so 
go home to Britain. 

He thought that he might sell the useful Lady 
Nyassa to some sea-faring trader at Zanzibar. A 
government cruiser — the Ariel — took in tow the 
''Lady of the Lake," as Livingstone loved to call 
his little steamer, and towed her up the coast to 
Mozambique. 

Suddenly, out of the north, there swept a fearful 



154 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

hurricane that lashed the ocean to fury and drove 
the Ariel back in her tracks. She swept down on 
the Nyassa stern foremost. The hawser becoming 
entangled with the screw stopped her engines. 

It seemed that nothing could save Livingstone, 
for the great vessel loomed overhead and seemed 
about to crush the little steamer. But the Ariel just 
scraped past the bow of the Lady Nyassa without 
harming her. 

In the rolling ocean it was hard and dangerous 
work to get another hawser from the man-of-war to 
Livingstone's steamer so that the Ariel could go on 
towing her up the coast. A cask was hurled into 
the sea from the Ariel with a hawser attached : then 
one of Livingstone's Kroomen, with another cable, 
jumped overboard into the boiling sea, tied the 
cable to the cask, and the Ariel hawser was thus 
drawn on board and secured. Then the Ariel drove 
ahead and towed the Lady Nyassa in the teeth of 
the storm to Mozambique. 

When Livingstone had cleaned his steamer at 
Mozambique he went on to Zanzibar. He made 
inquiries and found that he could not sell her there, 
for the only men who would buy wanted her for 
carrying slaves! Yet he had spent all the money 
that he had in building the " Lady of the Lake." 
What was he to do? 

He would rather see her at the bottom of the 
Indian Ocean than in the slaver's hands. So he 



THE SMOKE OF BURNING VILLAGES 155, 

formed a plan — the most dangerous of all the ad- 
ventures of his life. 

For in that little vessel Livingstone, with a crew 
of men who had never been to sea and with only 
fourteen tons of coal on board, started to cross the 
wide Indian Ocean. The men soon learned to 
climb along a boom, reef a rope through the block 
at the end, take the end of the rope in their teeth 
and climb back — each pitch of the boat dipping them 
in the sea. 

Day after day Livingstone stood at the helm 
under the sweltering sun guiding his little vessel 
over the ocean by the knowledge that the captain 
of the George had given him, thirty years before, 
as a young man on his first voyage out. 

The wind dropped. He had to save his coal for 
steaming down the coast of India to Bombay. He 
lay becalmed in the Indian Ocean, with sails 
flapping on the rolling mast and the blistering sun- 
shine beating upon their heads, watching the cruel 
sharks, the sporting dolphins, and the flying-fish, 
as they chased and fled from one another in the still 
sea. 

The sky changed, the wind moaned, the tempest 
broke. The little Lady Nyassa was tossed on the 
boundless sea, with the gale whistling through her 
rigging, and her captain, still undaunted, clin,eing 
to the wheel and gazing out into the storm. The 
hissing breakers swept past with crests curling as 



156 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

though they would swallow her or dash her to the 
bottom of the ocean. But she swam from trough 
to crest of the waves, first her nose and then her 
stern in the air, as she plowed through the seas. 

The boat seemed alive with the dauntless spirit 
of her captain. She shook off the waves from her 
streaming deck and drove on through the storm, 
till at last she crept unnoticed into Bombay harbor. 

Livingstone took ship home from India. Britain 
rose, with flags waving and surging cheers, to wel- 
come the hero-scout of Africa. Many men now 
living remember seeing the smallish sturdy man with 
the " forward-tread," the face of a warrior, and eyes 
that looked right through you — keen and gentle. 
He lectured and spoke all over the land, stirring the 
country against the slave traffic; he wrote a book, 
The Zambezi and Its Tributaries, full of stories of 
those broken-hearted African children driven from 
their burning villages; till the heart of Britain 
itself burned to free Africa. 

Then he took ship once more — for Africa. He 
stood in the stern to take his last look at the shores 
of England and the sad row of fluttering hand- 
Icerchiefs that waved farewell. 

He never saw Britain again. 



CHAPTER XII 
ON THE SLAVE TRAIL 



Ah, fair knight, said she, I flee for dread of 
my life, for here followeth me Sir Breuse the 
Pityless to slay me. 

Hold you nigh me, said Sir Launcelot. 

Then when Sir Launcelot saw Sir Breuse 
the Pityless, Sir Launcelot cried unto him, 
and said : False knight, destroyer of ladies and 
damosels, now thy last days be come. 

Malory, Le Morte D' Arthur^ Bk. ix, Ch. xxxv. 



CHAPTER XII 
ON THE SLAVE TRAIL ^ 




GRASS THAT TOWERED 
OVER THEIR HEADS " 



The fierce African sun 
beat down upon the white 
walls of Zanzibar as it 
looked out from its island 
over the glittering sea to 
Africa. Livingstone walked 
along the evil - smelling 
streets into an open square. 
The shouts of angry mas- 
ters, the hum of bargain- 
ing, and the snarling of 
many dogs filled the air. 

He saw herded there 
hundreds of Africans — 
naked boys with flash- 
ing teeth, young women 
who hung their heads with 

1 If this book is being read 
aloud to young children, parts 
of this chapter and the next 
should be left out. The story of 
the slave trail has been told here 
with restraint for boys and girls 
of twelve and upward, but is too- 
haunting for younger minds. 

159 



i6o LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

burning shame, fathers whose eyes shone with hate 
and loathing, mothers who wept because their 
children had been taken from them. 

Among the Africans swaggered tall, thick-lipped, 
cruel-eyed Arabs. Here one stopped to make a girl 
open her mouth to see if her teeth were good, and 
felt her arm as farmers do sheep in a cattle market ; 
there another made a slave run across the open 
space — as if he were a pony — just to show his 
paces. 

It was the Zanzibar slave-market. As Living- 
stone watched the traffic in human lives, a slave- 
dhow, carrying another three hundred captured 
Africans, sailed into the port. And he knew that 
for every one that had come alive to Zanzibar, eight 
or nine had died rather than be captured, or had 
perished on the voyage. 

He ground his teeth with anger at the awful 
cruelties of the slave-traders. And in his heart he 
grieved for '' poor, despised, downtrodden Africa." 
He was starting on his last long trail — the trail of 
the slave-trade. 

He climbed on board the dhow that he had 
hired. For four days the ship sailed southward 
till they made the mouth of the Rovuma, which 
runs from the highlands of Central Africa out to 
the east coast. Finding no landing-place they sailed 
a little way off to Mikindany Bay, where with much 
shouting, pushing, and pulling, the six camels, three 



ON THE SLAVE TRAIL i6i 

buffaloes, two mules, and four donkeys which were 
to carry their provisions were landed from the 
dhow, by the thirty-six East Indians and Afri- 
can men who were Livingstone's companions. 
Chitane, the dog who was with them, helped by 
barking. 

They set out marching along a narrow path, 
through grass that towered over their heads, while 
the sun beat down fiercely. There was no breeze. 
They had to cut their way through miles of dense 
jungle, and hired some " jolly young Makonde " 
natives to clear the bamboos and creepers with 
hatchets. The air was steamy and smothering in 
the valleys, but clearer on the hills. 

From a hilltop they saw the Rovuma gleaming 
like a ribbon of silver along the winding valley. 
They walked — Indian file — up hill and down again 
into valleys from village to village along the narrow 
native furrow-paths. 

The Indian companions, who were a nuisance and 
a trouble to Livingstone all the time — though he was 
always kind to them — beat the donkeys about the 
head, stuck pointed sticks into the camels, killed 
the buffalo-calf, and were always lazy. 

One night, as he sat in the doorway of a hut, he 
saw two men pass with two women chained — the 
man behind carrying a gun. The horrors of the 
slave-trade were beginning to come upon him 
again. They met a woman with a heavy slave- 



i62 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

taming stick on her neck — a stick made from the 
trunk of a young tree. The woman's neck had 
been placed in the fork of the tree and tied there. 
She was forced to go about bearing this weight with 
her. Livingstone bought her from her captor, made 
her free, and led her back to her people. 

Village after village they passed, empty — with all 
the gardens deserted. The people who had sown 
the seeds and tilled those gardens, the children who 
had laughed and played among the village huts, 
were all gone — taken as slaves. Again and again 
they came on an Arab slave encampment, with pens 
in which the slaves were herded like animals. But 
if the Arabs heard that Livingstone was coming, 
they fled away, for they knew he was a British 
man who lived to destroy their wicked trade. 

Livingstone pushed on and on, often nearly 
star^^ed where once there had been happy, con- 
tented villages. Yet he reveled in walking over the 
hills and along the valleys. His muscles became 
again " as hard as a board; " his face was bronzed; 
his quick eyes noted the tracks of animals or the 
loveliness of flower and palm and creeper. Then 
at night he slept soundly after the long day's walk- 
ing, though sometimes a chorus of roaring lions 
would wake him. 

At last, after getting higher and higher among 
the uplands east of Lake Nyassa, one day he saw 
again the gleam of the blue waters of the bright 




SLAVERY 



ON THE SLAVE TRAIL 163 

lake which he had discovered years before. He ran 
down to the beach, threw off his clothes, and rushed 
into the waves that broke upon the shore. 

" It was pleasant," he said, '' to bathe in the 
delicious waters again, hear the roar of the sea, and 
dash in the rollers." 

While here — wanting more ink to write with — he 
invented some good blue ink out of the juice of 
a berry mixed with a chemical. 

Livingstone wanted to cross the lake. There were 
two dhows on the lake, both used for carrying 
slaves; but the slave-trading Arabs refused to let 
him hire one of them, for they feared that he might 
burn it. Livingstone therefore started to walk down 
the eastern shore around the south end of Lake 
Nyassa. 

As he marched along the sultry path he saw the 
skulls and bones of abandoned slaves whitening in 
the sun. He waded through many brooks and over 
hills until they came to the south end of that narrow 
lake, which stretched north like a gigantic cater- 
pillar, three hundred miles long. 

Walking in Mpende's village there, Livingstone 
came to a pen of herded slaves, waiting to be driven 
to the coast to be sold. Most of them were boys, 
about ten years old. Sick at the thought of these 
lads having been torn from their fathers and 
mothers, he longed to go straight off and shake the 
dust of the village from his feet. Yet he stayed 



i64 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

on to give medicine to the sick child of the chief. 
The boy quickly got better, and the Doctor marched 
on northward up the west shore of the lake. 

Soon after he had started, an Arab slaver, in 
the village of a chief called Marenga, drew Musa, 
one of Livingstone's nien, aside to tell him a crafty 
story that he hoped would stop Livingstone from 
going on. 

" There is," said the Arab to Musa, '' a savage 
Mazitu chief on the path on which the Doctor is 
leading you. He is slaying everybody who goes 
through his land. He will kill you all." 

Musa, terrified at this, told the other bearers 
secretly. Nine of them, with Musa, fled under 
cover of the night, deserting the great Pathfinder 
who had led them so far. They went down to the 
coast and sent home to Britain the story that Liv- 
ingstone had been killed in a fight. Many people 
believed this story. A few said that it was not true. 
An Englishman named Young, who had known 
Musa years before, disbelieved every word of it, and 
set out to Africa to discover the truth. He swiftly 
made his way up the Zambezi and the Shire, found 
that the story was not true, heard how Livingstone 
had trudged on northward, and returned to Britain 
to rejoice the people's hearts with the news that 
Livingstone was alive. 

Livingstone did not know about this search or 
the lies that Musa had told. He only thought of 



ON THE SLAVE TRAIL 165 

the faithful Makololo of his earlier journeys, and 
wished that they were with him now. He was glad 
that some of the bearers were still faithful; and 
went on, with them, undaunted. 

Their dog, Chitane, would run from end to end 
of the line of march, barking at the stragglers, then 
running forward to his master. Chitane slept at 
night at the doorway of Livingstone's tent, ready 
to spring at any man or animal which should come 
to hurt his master. 

But one day they had to wade across a marsh 
a mile wide — waist-deep. Chitane bravely started 
to swim across the marsh, though his master 
thought that he was being carried. The brave dog 
struggled on, getting weaker and weaker, till at last 
he sank. Livingstone was very sad at losing this 
plucky companion. 

The slave-raiders had left the land like a desert, 
so he could get nothing but African maize to eat. 
He soaked it in the milk of the goats that he had 
brought with him. Then the goats were stolen from 
him in the night. He had to eat the hard maize 
without milk, and one by one his teeth were loosened 
and fell out. 

" I took my belt up three holes to relieve hunger," 
wrote Livingstone in his private journal. 

He dreamed at night about splendid dinners and 
good food, but woke to find himself hungrier than 
ever. 



i66 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Among the faithful bearers was a young African 
named Baraka, who, because he was careful, was 
allowed to carry the medicine-box. In that box 
was the quinine which helped Livingstone to fight 
against the fever. One day another bearer offered 
to help Baraka by carrying his burden for a stage. 
This bearer, who had been freed from slavery by 
Livingstone, returned this goodness by fleeing with 
the burden into the dense forest, where it was impos- 
sible for them to track him down. The medicine- 
box was gone — stolen. Livingstone had now no 
weapon against fever. 

" This loss," said Livingstone, " gnaws at my 
heart terribly. I feel as if I had now received sen- 
tence of death." 

Yet he wrote pages in his private journal, saying 
that, after all, the thief of the box could not be 
called so blameable, because he was a rescued slave 
who had been brought up badly. 

A mere skeleton of his sturdy self, sick and 
lonely, robbed of his goats and his medicine, 
hungry, stricken with fever, deserted by his com- 
panions, having lost even his dog, Livingstone 
tramped on to the village of Chitapangwa, a great 
chief, who received him with some of his men beat- 
ing drums furiously arid others keeping time with 
rattles. 

After leaving here, he marched on through lovely 
valleys and high wooded hills, up to a ridge from 



ON THE SLAVE TRAIL 



167 



OlSquareMiles 

SCOTLAND 30,405' 
quare Miles 

LES 7,445 
Scjua.Te Miles 




Porto Kico and 
Philippine Islands 
(total area, 131,459 
square miles) placed 
in Madagascar. 



COMPARATIVE AREAS 



"the vastest and most mysterious country on the earth" 

The countries named in the map make a total area of 10,289,199 square 
miles. The total area of Africa, including^ Madagascar, is 11,835,155 
square miles, so there is still left room for another China proper, of 
1,532,420 square miles, plus Massachusetts and Connecticut, together 
making 13,231 square miles, plus a further remainder of 305 square miles. 



i68 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

which he could see, still and peaceful in the morning 
light, the blue waters of Lake Tanganyika. 

He was so ill with fever that he tottered as he 
walked, and was plagued with a singing in the head. 
He grew worse, floundered outside his tent in his 
delirium, and fell down insensible, striking his head 
against a box. His few remaining faithful com- 
panions carried him into his hut. 

The trail had led the Pathfinder to the very center 
of the lake country of Africa. The natives, as he 
got better, told him stories of wonderful rivers 
running through lakes as large as seas. You will 
see on the map at the end of the book that, walking 
up from Lake Nyassa, he had reached the south end 
of Lake Tanganyika. He longed to get on to Ujiji, 
on the east shore of Tanganyika, where there was 
an Arab settlement. For there he hoped to find 
letters from his children. 

Yet he did not go to Ujiji. This is the reason: 
He had heard that a mighty river ran out of a 
mysterious lake to the west of him. Ever since the 
days when the Pyramids were built in Egypt, long 
centuries ago, men had wondered where the river 
Nile rose. Yet no one had ever discovered the 
place. Livingstone wondered whether he had, at 
last, come near to that very spot. This made him 
turn aside and begin his march afresh, although he 
was tired, fever-stricken, and had not seen a single 
letter from home for three years. 




Zi 1- 



ON THE SLAVE TRAIL 169 

At last, in November, 1867, he discovered the 
lake he sought, and slept there in the hut of an 
African fisherman. He sailed on Lake Mweru in 
fishing canoes, and walked its shores till he found 
that a wide river called the Lualaba flowed out to 
the north. The river that flows into Lake Mweru 
on the south is called the Luapula. 

The heart of the scout and pathfinder was as 
lively in Livingstone now that he was fifty-four 
years old in the highlands of Africa as it was when 
he was fourteen on the hills of Scotland. So he 
could not rest till he knew whence the river Luapula 
came. The Africans said that it flowed from a 
great lake farther south. 

He said, " I will go and discover that lake.'^ 

But all his followers, save five, egged on by an 
Arab trader, refused to march. This is the kind of 
reason that they gave : 

'' No, we have had enough marching. When you 
have found one lake you say, ' I must find another.' 
We are tired. We want to go to Ujiji to rest. 
We will not go on this other journey." 

" I will not swerve a hairbreadth from my work 
while life is spared," Livingstone had declared long 
before. He stood firm to this now, and said that 
he would go on, whoever lagged behind. 

He set his face steadfastly south, with his five 
companions, who included two faithful fellows who 
would have given their lives for him — Susi and 



I70 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Chumah. On the way they passed a slave caravan. 
The men, yoked together with chains and slave- 
sticks, were singing. 

'' Why do they sing when they are in chains ? " 
asked Livingstone. 

'' They are singing revenge," was the reply. 
'' They sing, ' When we die the yoke will be off. 
Our spirits will come back. We will haunt and kill 
those who have sold us.' " 

Then in grim and awful chorus the voices of the 
slaves rose and fell in unison as they named the 
men who had sold them, singing, '' We will haunt 
. . . we will kill ..." 

At one village called Kazembe's, on the way, Liv- 
ingstone met an Arab trader, named Mohammed 
Bogharib, who straightway became a friend to the 
Pathfinder. Mohammed fed him with vermicelli, 
and cakes, honey, and good coffee, cheering him on 
his lonely journey. So Livingstone tramped on 
until he discovered Lake Bangweolo, which is over 
a hundred miles wide. Green islands stood up out 
of the blue water. He set sail upon the lake and 
landed at these islands, where the natives crowded 
round this strange thing that they had never seen 
before — a white man. 

Turning from broad Lake Bangweolo, Living- 
stone tramped back northward to Kazembe's village, 
where he found Mohammed Bogharib, the Arab 
who had been so kind to him, just waiting to start 



ON THE SLAVE TRAIL 171 

for Ujiji, on the shore of Tanganyika. There Liv- 
ingstone expected to find letters, medicine, fresh 
clothes, and all the news from England, for he had 
asked that these things should be sent there. 

Mohammed set his slave caravan in motion. He 
was as cruel to the slaves as he was kind to Living- 
stone, who, stricken with fever and with pneumonia, 
could not walk, and was carried for six weeks on 
a litter up steep ravines, along forest tracks, across 
streams, and down the hillsides of Tanganyika to 
the canoes on the shore of the lake. 

The wind was high and gusty, and the waves 
boomed upon the beach. The canoes could never 
cross the lake and live. So they hugged the shores 
of the deep bays of the lake till at last they could 
cross, and Livingstone was landed in Ujiji. 

Cloth and beads had been sent for Livingstone 
to give to his Africans, and letters, medicine, and 
papers for himself; but nearly all the stores and 
every letter except one had been stolen or burned 
by the Arab slave-traders. When he wrote forty 
letters home and paid carriers to take them to the 
coast, the servants of the Arabs destroyed every 
one. 

With cruel spite and fiendish cleverness they 
tried to cut him off from all touch with Britain. 
For they knew that the story of the horrors of the 
slave-trade, which Livingstone alone of all men 
living was able to tell the British, would do more 



172 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

to raise the world against their trade and sweep it 
away than anything else on earth. 

The old Lion was at bay. He was surrounded by 
a ring of snarling foes, who dared not slay him, 
yet hoped to hold him powerless as in a net. 



CHAPTER XIII 

SPEARS IN THE BUSH 



He said : Ye be welcome. And he answered 
and saluted him again . . . And there was 
great joy between them., for there is no tongue 
can tell the joy that they made either of other, 
and many a friendly word spoken . . . And 
there every each told other of their adventures 
and marvels that had befallen them. 

Truly, said Launcelot, never knew I of so 
high adventures done, and so marvelous and 
strange. 

Malory, Le Moj-te D' Arthur^ Book xvii, Ch. xiii. 




AN AFRICAN PYTHON — OVER TEN FEET IN LENGTH 



CHAPTER XIII 
SPEARS IN THE BUSH 

With a proud Arab at its head, a band of 
Africans, carr3ang guns and shackles, marched out 
from Ujiji village. Lying in the shade of the 
veranda of his little house, the Pathfinder, slowly 
winning back his health, watched them sadly as they 
passed by on their slave-raiding. 

His face was furrowed with the pain of a hun- 
dred fevers and tanned wnth the African sun. His 
mouth was set in grim determination that — when 
health came back — he would go on with his work, 
whoever might oppose. Yet his strong face warmed 
into a smile as his faithful Chumah came to bring 
a cup of tea to refresh the beloved Bwana 
(master). 

At nightfall the sound of harsh commands and 
the crack of whips was heard. It was another 
Arab, returning from a raid, with scores of misera- 

175 



176 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

ble slaves being driven into the village. Living- 
stone sat on, brooding over the wrongs of Africa — 
slowly planning to go west into the unknown Man- 
yuema country to find whether the Lualaba, which, 
you remember, runs out of the north end of the 
newly discovered Lake Mweru, was indeed the 
Kongo or the Nile. He heard dim rumors of a great 
chief who ruled the country on the river, and deter- 
mined to set out to find him. He knew that if he 
found the hidden sources of the Nile the whole 
world would listen to him. And he wanted to tell 
the world the story of the slave-trade. 

He roused himself, still weak with fever, and 
with his followers took boat across Lake Tangan- 
yika. All night they rowed, and in the morning 
landed on an island, made a fire, cooked breakfast, 
and took to the boats again. At last, after staying 
at another islet, they reached the west shore, landed 
and marched through open forest, fording rivers 
knee-deep. 

They came upon hunting parties of Manyuema 
people, shooting their poisoned arrows — large ones 
for elephants and buffaloes, but small ones, made 
of strong grass stalks, for smaller animals. He 
stayed among these people in their villages among 
the mountains. 

The strangest creature of this lovely land of great 
mountains, gigantic trees, and deep dells was the 
soko — a wild human-looking ape that beats on his 



SPEARS IN THE BUSH 177 

breast as on a drum, lives on bananas, makes nests 
in the trees, kidnaps children, and carries them 
to its nest, crushes men in its awful grip, and, as 
Livingstone saw, bites off their fingers and toes 
when fighting for its life. 

A young soko was given to Livingstone, and 
soon learned to love him, giving him a cry of wel- 
come when she saw him, crying if he would not 
carry her. She was like a child, covering herself 
with a mat to sleep, and wiping her face with a leaf 
for a napkin. 

He found the Manyuema all kind to him, except 
where the Arabs or their slaves had been. Yet 
they were always fighting — one tribe against 
another. 

For the first time in his thousands of miles of 
tramping, the Pathfinder's feet failed him. Awful 
sores came upon them and prevented him from 
walking. This kept him at one place eighty days 
in a hut. All his companions had left him, save 
three — Susi, Chumah, and Gardner. Yet he could 
enjoy sitting under a tree with his umbrella up in 
drenching rain, drinking rain-water to quench his 
thirst, and listening to a tiny green tree-frog that 
sat by him on a leaf and sang like a bird. 

As he went on and reached Bambarre, a village 
near the Luama, a tributary of the river Lualaba, 
he met slave gangs who had been captured on the 
other side of the river. 



178 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

Children would march along, captives, with 
wonderful strength, till the sound of dancing and 
drumming would fall on their ears as they passed 
some village. It reminded them of home. Then 
they would sob, and slowly waste away with broken 
hearts. 

" I am heartsore," Livingstone confides to his 
journal, " and sick of human blood." 

It was a bright sultry morning on the banks of 
the Luapula at Nyangwe market. The river was 
dotted with canoes laden with Manyuema women, 
bringing to the market their baskets of fruit and 
fowl, flour and vegetables, salt and pepper. They 
came by river and forest path till fifteen hundred 
of them were busily and happily buying and selling, 
surrounded by their children and friends. Little 
girls ran about selling cups of water to the thirsty 
bargainers. 

Livingstone walked among them, enjoying the 
sight and even the noise, with the cocks crowing, 
the pigs squealing, and the children laughing. He 
was just strolling away when a shot and a scream 
broke on his ear. He turned, and saw three 
servants of the slave-trader firing right into the 
thick of the people. 

The laughter was changed to shouts of terror as 
the women threw down their goods and dashed to 
the canoes. Men and women, wounded with shot, 
leaped into the boats and into the river to swim for 



SPEARS IN THE BUSH 179 

the opposite bank, which was nearly three miles 
off, for the Luapula was very wide. But, one after 
another, the heads that dotted the river sank. 

Livingstone, in burning anger, clutched his pistol 
to fire at these murderers. But he held his hand. 
Had he fired he would have been killed. He did not 
fear that, but he did a greater thing. Livingstone 
wrote down the story of that morning, and, when 
it reached England, it roused the world more than 
anything else had ever done to sweep away this 
monstrous slave traffic from under the sun. 

Next morning, just before starting back eastward 
to Ujiji, he stood on a height and counted seventeen 
villages in flames, fired by these ruffians. 

He and his men, on the way back, were passing 
one day along a narrow path, wath dense bush 
brushing their elbows on either side. Suddenly 
there was a rustle among the leaves, a large spear 
shot through the bush, grazed Livingstone's back, 
and stuck quivering in the earth. Another spear, 
hurled from behind a tree by an invisible hand, 
stabbed the earth a foot in front of him. 

Manyuema savages, thinking that Livingstone 
was a slave-trader who had slain men and burned 
villages, were out in ambush, set on killing the best 
friend that they had in the world. 

Livingstone marched on, and saw in front of him 
a gigantic tree. It was growing on an ant-hill that 
was itself twenty feet high. Fire was burning at its 



i8o LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

roots, weakening the trunk. He heard a crack, saw 
the tree shiver and sway in the wind, and then fall 
toward himself. He turned and rushed back. 
With a crashing of branches the enormous trunk 
fell with a thud to the earth, a yard behind Living- 
stone's back, covering him with a cloud of dust. 

It was the third hairbreadth escape in that one 
day. 

" Peace ! peace ! " cried his scattered attendants 
as they came back to him. " You will finish all 
your work in spite of these people and in spite of 
everything ! " 

" We had," said Livingstone, '' five hours of run- 
ning the gauntlet, waylaid by spearmen, who all felt 
that if they killed me they would be revenging the 
death of relatives. From each hole in the tangled 
mass we looked for a spear; and each moment ex- 
pected to hear the rustle w^hich told of deadly 
weapons hurled at us. 

" I became weary with the constant strain of 
danger, and — as I suppose happens Avith soldiers on 
the field of battle — not courageous, but perfectly 
indifferent whether I were killed or not." 

Livingstone now fell very ill, but struggled over 
the mountain range, through dense bush, across 
running rivers, and then through open forest, till 
he and his men came within sound of the waves 
breaking on Tanganyika's beach. He had left the 
Manyuema country. 




I READ THE WHOLE BIBLE THROUGH FOUR TIMES WHILST I 
WAS IN MANYUEMA" 



SPEARS IN THE BUSH i8i 

" I read," he says, " the whole Bible through four 
times whilst I was in Manyuema." 

He reached Ujiji starved and ill, only '' a ruckle 
of bones," to find that all the stores which he had 
ordered to be sent there had been sold and the pro- 
ceeds taken by Shereef, a miserable Moslem tailor 
of the place. 

'' I felt in my destitution as if I were the man 
who went down from Jerusalem to Jericho and fell 
among thieves. I could not hope for priest, Levite, 
or Good Samaritan to come by on either side. . . . 
But when my spirits were at their lowest ebb, the 
Good Samaritan was close at hand." 

There was the sound of guns being fired into the 
air outside Ujiji. Susi rushed to Livingstone at 
the top of his speed. Pausing for a moment, he 
gasped out : 

^' An Englishman! I see him!" and darted off 
to meet the stranger. 

Toward the village there strode a white man at 
the head of a caravan of African followers. By 
his side walked a gigantic negro bearing unfurled 
the flag of the United States of America. The white 
man had traveled many thousand miles in search 
of Livingstone, for news of whom the whole world 
had now waited for years. 

The American was excited beyond words. 
" What would I not have given," he said afterward, 
*' for a bit of friendly wilderness where I might 



i82 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

vent my joy in some mad freak — turning a somer- 
sault or slashing at trees ! My heart beat fast." 

As he walked toward the village, he saw the 
man for whom he had searched — Livingstone the 
Pathfinder. 

'' As I advanced toward him I noticed he was 
pale, that he looked wearied and wan, that he had 
gray whiskers and mustache, that he wore a bluish 
cloth cap with a faded gold band on a red ground 
round it, and that he had on a red, sleeved waist- 
coat and a pair of gray tweed trousers." 

Henry Morton Stanley, the young American, 
yearned to embrace Livingstone, yet held himself 
in, and walking deliberately to him, took off his 
hat and said : 

''Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" 

" Yes," said he, with a kind smile, lifting his cap. 
He had not seen a white face for five years. 

They grasped hands — America and Britain in 
the heart of Central Africa. 

Under the eaves of Livingstone's little house 
Stanley handed him a bag of letters from England 
— the first that he had received for years. Living- 
stone chose out one or two by the handwriting on 
the envelope, letting documents from statesmen 
and scholars fall back unopened into the bag. His 
face beamed as he read them. They were letters 
from his children. 




STANLEY FJNDS LIVINGSTONE 



CHAPTER XIV 

THE LAST TRAIL 



There is no one alive, Christian nor heathen, 
that can find such another knight, to speak of 
his prowess, and of his hands, and his truth 
withal. For yet could there never creature 
say of him dishonor and make it good. 

Of all knights in the world I loved him 
most, and had most joy of him, and all was 
for his noble deeds. 

Malory, Le Morte U Arthur, Book ix, Ch. xiv; 

Book viii, Ch. xxxvi. 

For four months and four days I lived with 
Livingstone in the same house, or in the same 
boat, or in the same tent, and I never found 
a fault in him . . . Each day's life with him 
added to my admiration for him. His gentle- 
ness never forsakes him ; his hopefulness never 
deserts him. His is the Spartan heroism, the 
inflexibility of the Roman, the enduring reso- 
lution of the Anglo-Saxon. The man has 
conquered me. 

H. M. Stanley. 




UNDER THE EAVES OF THAT ROOF IN UJIJI 



CHAPTER XIV 



THE LAST TRAIL 



Sitting side by side under the eaves of that roof 
in Ujiji the men talked. 

'' You have brought me new Hfe," Livingstone 
repeated again and again. 

He had been eating two tiny meals a day : now 
he ate four good ones. He laughed, '' with a laugh 
of the whole man from head to heel," sly fun peeped 
out of the corners of his eyes as he told Stanley 
quaint and moving stories of his adventures. 

Then they rose, as the sun slowly sank behind the 
mountains across the lake, and walked up and down 
the shore, breathing the cool breezes that moved on 
the water and watching the waves beating on the 
smooth white beach. There Stanley told Living- 
stone how' he had been suddenly telegraphed for by 

iSs- 



i86 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

James Gordon Bennett, of the New York Herald, 
and told to go to Central Africa, to spare no ex- 
pense, but at all costs to find Livingstone if he were 
alive. 

They laughed and chatted again in the market- 
place of Ujiji, telling their adventures as they 
looked out over the broad silver lake. A cloud of 
dust showed where a flock of bleating goats and 
a herd of lowing cattle were being driven in to the 
market; while up from the boats along the beach 
came fishermen to sell their catches. Stacks of 
ivory tusks, baskets of beads, salt and fruit were 
sold there by gossiping old African women, the men 
standing by, leaning on their spears, while children 
ran in and out, wrestling, playing, and eating 
bananas. 

They launched on the lake one day in a large 
canoe, carved from a great mvula tree, with sixteen 
rowers, and plenty of cloth and beads for money. 
In the calm green depths of the lake the hippo- 
potami lurked, coming up to breathe and blow close 
to the canoe, and then ducking again, " as if they 
were playing hide-and-seek." 

At night Livingstone and Stanley landed, set up 
their tents and slept, striking tent again at day- 
break as the sun called the white mists from the 
;surface of the lake. 

In the lovely bays of Tanganyika they saw 
Africans fishing from their boats in front of their 



THE LAST TRAIL 187' 

cozy villages, with the neat gardens and grainfields 
behind under the shadow of the beautiful hills. On 
the beach the brown children splashed and paddled 
fearlessly, with their mothers looking on. 

Stones were hurled at them at one place where, 
they wished to land. Stanley wished to fire at the 
savage people to frighten them. But Livingstone 
showed that he did not wish this, telling Stanley 
how often he himself had suffered from such treat- 
ment as this, and had found it always due to the 
cruel treatment of Arab traders. 

They landed farther along on a spit of sand and 
made supper. But while they ate it in the fading 
evening light, they saw parties of savages creeping 
up from all sides. Hurriedly they took their seats 
with the rowers in the canoe and pushed off, but 
not a moment too soon. For in the dusk they saw 
dark forms creeping over the rocks to the sandy 
place that they had just left. 

On they went northward. Fever struck Stanley 
down, and Livingstone laid his cool hands on his 
friend's hot forehead and nursed him back to 
health. 

When Stanley was sleeping during the heat of 
the day he was awakened by shouts of : 

'' Master, master, get up, quick ! Here is a fight 
going to begin ! " 

He sprang up, buckling on his revolver belt. 
A crowd of angry natives and a drunken youth 



i88 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

were threatening to kill the party, thinking that 
they were Arabs, and wishing to revenge a murder 
committed by Arabs on their tribe. 

Dr. Livingstone, who had gone off with his com- 
pass, just then came in sight over the brow of a hill, 
with Susi and Chumah. A fight seemed unavoid- 
able. But Livingstone, smiling and baring his arm 
to show the white skin, said : 

'' See, I am not an Arab, but a white man." In 
this way he gently quieted the fierce and passionate 
natives, who let him and Stanley depart in peace. 

After going down the lake to Ujiji and spending 
Christmas there, they started away again in two 
canoes for Unyanyembe, where Livingstone was to 
wait while Stanley went to the coast and sent up 
stores and good bearers for the Pathfinder's last 
journey. 

" Come home with me to England," Stanley had 
said again and again. '' Your family would like to 
see you, oh so much ! " 

" I must finish my task," Livingstone answered; 
and he wrote in his journal the words that his 
daughter Agnes had written in her last letter to 
him. : 

'' Much as I wish you to come home, I would 
rather that you finished your work to your own 
satisfaction than return merely to gratify me." 

'' Rightly and nobly said, my darling Nannie," 
writes her father, his eyes glowing with pride. 



THE LAST TRAIL . 189 

*' Vanity whispers pretty loudly, ' She is a chip of 
the old block.' My blessing on her and all the rest." 

At Ujiji all was bustle and excitement as the 
canoes started, Livingstone ahead, with the British 
flag flying on a great bamboo at the stern of his 
boat, while Stanley followed with '' the ever beau- 
tiful Stars and Stripes " waving and rustling from 
a still taller flagstaff. 

Livingstone, in joke, vowed to cut down the tallest 
palm he could find so that he should fly the flag of 
Great Britain higher than that of the States. 

" I cannot look at the flags," says Stanley, " with- 
out pride that the two Anglo-Saxon nations are 
represented this day on this great inland sea, in the 
face of wild nature and barbarism." 

The boatmen were excited too. They raced and 
spurted, shouted and sang, perspired and laughed, 
groaned and puffed. Stanley had mapped out a way 
to Unyanyembe that would avoid the dangerous 
tribes that he had met on the way up. So the 
boatmen as they rowed sang to celebrate this : 

We have given the Waka the slip ! ha ! ha ! 

The Wavinza will trouble us no more ! ho ! ho ! 
Miorivu can get no more cloth from us ! hy ! hy ! 

And Kiala will see us no more — nevermore ! he I he ! 

They then burst into laughter and pulled with 
such tremendous power at the oars that the canoes 
quivered from stem to stern. And while they sped 
down the lake their land party on the bank, with 



190 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

goats, sheep, and donkeys, shared the joy and joined 
in the song. 

The land party met them again at a river delta 
where they left the lake and struck eastward to 
Unyanyembe, seeing on the journey herds of grace- 
ful giraffes, some seventeen feet high, grazing on 
the leaves of trees. 

At last they reached the village. The time had 
come for parting. 

" We had a sad breakfast together," said Stanley, 
afterward. '' I could not eat, my heart was too full ; 
neither did my companion seem to have an appetite. 
We found something to do which kept us longer 
together. At eight o'clock I was not gone, and 
I had thought to have been off at 5 a.m." 

At last they grasped hands and said farewell. 
Stanley, tough traveler as he was, could not keep 
back his tears. 

Stanley turned to take his last look at the old 
hero in his gray clothes. Livingstone, with bent 
head and slow resolute step, turned back to finish 
his lonely task. 

Livingstone was never seen by a white man again. 

He waited at Unyanyembe till Stanley's prom- 
ised stores and bearers should come. Day after 
day passed, and no news came. 

Livingstone watched the whydah ^ birds feeding 
1 Pronounced whid'-ah. 



THE LAST TRAIL 191 

their young. " Each Httle one puts his head on one 
side as the male bird inserts his bill, chirruping and 
playing with him. The young ones lift up a 
feather as a child would a doll, and invite others to 
do the same, as if saying: 'Come, let us play at 
making little houses.' " 

He also enjoyed seeing the African boys playing 
with their little bows and arrows. They shot at 
locusts which settled on the ground. They made 
play-guns of reed, which went off with a trigger 
and spring, with a cloud of ashes for smoke. Some- 
times they made double-barreled guns of clay, with 
cotton-fluff for smoke. 

Livingstone wrote in that five months of waiting 
a letter to the New York Herald, in which he said 
of the slave-trade those words that stung awake the 
heart of the world : '' All I can say in my loneliness 
is, may Heaven's rich blessing come down on every 
one — American, Englishman, Turk — who will help 
to heal this open sore of the world." 

One day he stood up with eagerness in his face 
as he saw a line of Africans coming toward him. 
They were the porters hired by Stanley and sent to 
Livingstone. His weary waiting was over. 

With shouting of men and lowing of cattle they 
started off on the last long trail, to find the river 
Luapula, and to discover whether, after all, it was 
the source of the Nile or the Kongo. They went 
west to Tanganyika, the herds of zebra galloping 



192 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

off as they passed, while now and again the roar of 
lions filled the bush. 

Southward they went, and, after Christmas, 1872, 
plunged through the dark and awful marshes round 
Lake Bangweolo. The ceaseless rain beat upon 
their heads. Livingstone suffered agonies of pain 
through illness, and grew weaker day by day. He 
became, at last, too feeble to wade, and often would 
be lifted from the shoulders of Susi to those of 
Chumah and other bearers as they crossed the 
swollen rivers, wading chin-deep in the water. 

Then his strength left him so that he could not 
even sit up. His faithful bearers made him a 
kitanda — a kind of hammock slung on a pole borne 
on the shoulders of men. 

With tender care — for each jolt of the kitanda 
sent pain through him — those sturdy Africans, Susi, 
Chumah, and Jacob Wainwright, carried Living- 
stone, splashing through marsh, and walking in the 
narrow path between the tall grasses. 

At last in his journal we find the words: 

" Knocked up quite, and remain — recover — sent 
to buy milch goats. We are on the banks of the 
Molilamo." 

These are the last words he ever wrote. 

They crossed the Molilamo river, and slowly, 
with many rests, paced the way to Chitambo's 
village of Ilala. 

** Stop, put me down," came the feeble voice from 




"he entered the hut 



THE LAST TRAIL 193 

the kitanda again and again, as Chumah bent down 
to listen to the beloved Bwana's wish. 

They put him down under the broad eaves of 
a native hut till the new hut which they were build- 
ing for him was ready. 

Villagers came, and leaning upon their bows and 
spears gazed at the stricken Pathfinder. They had 
heard of him in other years, from men who had 
told them : 

" He is good. He does not beat his bearers. He 
has no slaves." 

The hut was finished. They carried him in and, 
supported by Susi and Chumah, he entered the hut. 
They laid him down. 

'' Susi, bring my watch," came the voice. 

Susi held the watch in his master's palm while 
Livingstone slowly turned the key and wound it up. 

The night fell. A fire burning outside the door 
cast its glare within the hut. 

Just after eleven Susi was called. Livingstone's 
mind was wandering to the great river that he had 
set out to reach. 

'' Is this the Luapula? " he asked. 

" No," said Susi, gently, " we are in Chitambo's 
village near the Molilamo." 

There was silence. Then the faint voice came : 

" How many days is it to the Luapula?" 

The Pathfinder was still eager for the river of his 
quest. 



194 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

" I think it is three days, master," repHed Susi. 

He sighed. 

Susi went back to his own hut. A boy, Majwara, 
stayed with Livingstone to watch. An hour later 
the boy called Susi, who, holding a candle and the 
medicine-chest near to Livingstone, helped him to 
select some medicine. 

" All right; you can go now," murmured Living- 
stone. 

Just before dawn Majwara called to Susi : 

'' Come to Bwana [Master] ; I am afraid." 

Susi called Chumah and three others. 

They' entered the hut. By the dim light of the 
flickering candle they saw the bowed form of their 
master kneeling by the bedside, his head buried in 
his hands on the pillow. 

They waited, thinking that he prayed. But the 
prayer was ended. The Pathfinder had found his 
Quest. He had crossed the River. 

Standing about the dying watchfire, as the cock 
crew and the dawn broke, the men in whispers 
planned what they must do. Their love for him 
made them plan an act of daring and heroic 
faithfulness. 

They took his heart and buried it under a mvula 
tree near Chitambo's village. They embalmed his 
body, wrapped him in swathes, bound the burden 
to a pole, and bearing him shoulder high, carried 




BEARING HBI SHOULDER HIGH " 



THE LAST TRAIL 195 

their leader, now no longer able to guide them, about 
thirteen hundred miles to the east coast. 

Livingstone had made his last march; yet after 
his death he went the most wonderful of all his 
journeys. Let the names of those five immortal 
brown companions who had been with him since 
he started from Zanzibar eight years before be 
written here : Susi and Chumah, Amoda, Abram 
and Mabruki. With them is the faithful Jacob 
Wainwright. 

They bore him through marsh and river, forest 
and jungle, over mountain ridges and along the 
valley paths. They crossed the Luapula where it 
is four miles wide. They faced hunger and thirst, 
the spear and gun of enemies, for his sake. 

They found as they neared the east coast that the 
natives all along the path were set on stopping them 
from carrying the body through their land. So they 
wrapped it up so that it would look like a travelings 
bale of cotton, and made another package out of 
fagots of wood to look about like their original 
burden. 

Six men then marched off as if to Unyanyembe 
with the fagot bundle. The villagers thought that 
Livingstone was being carried back to the interior, 
and so allowed the party to go to the coast with its 
'' bale of cotton," which was really their precious 
charge. 

At last they reached the coast. The body was 



196 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

carried to a cruiser, and so borne to England, while 
all the world mourned his death. 

Livingstone had stood thirty-five years before in 
the silence of the great nave of the Abbey Church 
of Westminster, a dark-haired student, with bared 
head before the monuments of the heroes and kings, 
soldiers and saints, of the Anglo-Saxon race. 
There, on April 18, 1874, he himself, among the 
greatest of the ''race of hero spirits," -was laid 
to rest. 



23 - 



gROUCHT 8Y FAITHFUL HANDS 

OVEt IMU® AH© S€A 

WEHI HESTS 

DAVID LiVJNCSTONE, r^ 




Ml*'; 3 10 NARY, ft 

TRAVELLER, a< 

PHILANTHROPIST Sg 

80RII MARCH ^9.F8I3, *< 

o ^ 
o < 

ED MAY 1.1873, h^ 



AT sLamtyre, Lanarkshire; 



AT C H ITAM so S VILLAGE, OLAL A. 

is 

f^R 30 YEARS MiS LfFE WAS SPE NT ^^ «« 

— • <1 

W AN yNWEARfED EFFORT g^ 

> < 



TO EVANCEUZ^ THE NATIVE RACES, 



CC 



a 



"^n EXPLORE THE UNDISCOVERED SECRETS, O = 
' ABOLISH THE DESOLATING SLAVE TRADE, -^ 3 

5*^ OF CENTRAL AFRICA, S^ 

5 3 ^" * 

^ ^ WHERE WITH HIS LAST WORDS HE WROTE, « < 

t ? 'ALL 1 CAN ADD IH WY SOLiTUDEJS, .*" ^ 

f^, MAY heaven's rich BLESSiNC COME DOWN 

ON EVERY ONE, AMERICAN,EMCLISH,OR TURK, 

WHO WILL HELP TO HEAL 

THiS OPEN SORE OF THE WORLD*' 



THE TOMBSTONE IX WESTMINSTER A15BEY 



IN THE FOREST OF HEROES 



I go back to Africa 


to try to make an 


open path for commerce 


and Christianity; do 


you carry out the work which I have begun. 


I LEAVE IT WITH YOU. 






Livingstone. 


. . . We must bear the brunt of danger, 


We the youthful sinewy 


races, all the rest on 


us depend, 




Pioneers ! O 


Pioneers ! 


On and on the compact 


ranks. 


Through the battle, through defeat, moving 


yet and never stopping. 


Pioneers ! O 


Pioneers ! 




Whitman. 



IN THE FOREST OF HEROES 




It is a gray day at 
the beginning of May. 
The Thames runs 
down on a falling tide, 
swirling under the 
arches of Westminster 
Bridge. 

We walk out of the 
rain into the mysteri- 
ous twilight between 
the pillars of the 
Abbey. High up in 
the dim air the tall 
gray - brown trunks 
throw out their 
branches of stone that 
meet above our heads. 
It is '' the forest of 

WESTMINSTER ABBEY, LONDON stOUC " whcre thc 

heroes of our race sleep side by side. We stand 
there gazing down on the slab with its letters of 
brass that begin 



BROUGHT BY FAITHFUL HANDS 

OVER LAND AND SEA 

HERE RESTS 

DAVID LIVINGSTONE 
199 



200 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

He rests here. Yet, as we stand looking up the 
aisle of the Abbey, that stretches in front of us like 
a forest glade, and dreaming of this hero-scout, we 
see an endless pageant of strange scenes. We see 
the dauntless Pathfinder, still at work in the lives 
of those who follow after. 

Outside the Abbey the river runs as it ran 
fifteen hundred years ago, when fair-haired boys 
were seized and shackled here and shipped in galleys 
over the seas by the slave-traders of ancient Rome. 

We close our eyes and see that other slave-market 
under the blazing sun of Zanzibar as Livingstone 
saw and hated it. The slaves and their Arab mas- 
ters melt from the sight, and in their place there 
rises — stone on stately stone, laid by the hands of 
free Africans — a beautiful cathedral.^ From within 
this new " forest of stone " come the voices of 
African boys singing in their own tongue : 

He hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted, 
To preach deliverance to the captives. 

And we hear an African from the lectern read : 

I am the voice of one crying, 
Prepare ye the way of the Lord, 
Make his paths straight. 

The Pathfinder's spirit marches on. 

1 Zanzibar Cathedral stands on the spot where the old slave- 
market which Livingstone visited was held. 




Pliuto by TlatTij Johnsun 



BROKEN FETTERS 



The kneeling; African is a Christian, who is setting a slave free at a 
mission station by taking the shackles off his legs 



IN THE FOREST OF HEROES 201 

A team of horses is straining at the plow across 
a field on a Scottish hillside. A sturdy boy grips the 
plow-handles. He drives a straight furrow, though 
his mind is full of broader fields — still unplowed. 

The tired horses stop to rest half-way across the 
field. The boy pauses there, wondering about the 
days in front of him — as all boys do. 

''Can I not plow a longer furrow than this?" 
James Stewart asks himself. Then he says, " God 
helping me, I will be a missionary." 

The Pathfinder's Missionary Travels stirs him 
with the story of that heroic adventure, Living- 
stone's first great journey. At last young Dr. 
Stewart sails to Africa. He walks in the path that 
the great Doctor had already made there. 

To-day an old, old African, gray-haired and 
wrinkled, walks among the huts at Molepolole in 
South Africa. His name is Lishokwani. 

Over seventy years ago a white man, with kindly, 
piercing eyes and the face of a warrior, walked into 
the village. At night, when the men had come from 
hunting and the women had ceased to grind, the 
people of the village came together to listen to the 
White Doctor, who told them strange new things 
about one Jesus. 

A boy listened — Lishokwani — . . . and he re- 
membered. 

Years ago, after Livingstone had been carried to 



202 LIVINGSTONE THE PATHFINDER 

his rest in the Abbey, another missionary at this 
village of Alolepolole called for volunteers for hard 
service. 

'' Those who go on this journey," he said, " must 
face thirst and hunger in the Kalahari desert, and 
wild beasts in the woods, to preach to those beyond. 
Who will go ? " 

The young men held back — afraid. 

Then came the voice of old Lishokwani : 

" I will go; and you young men who are afraid 
shall come and find my body by the way and bury 
it. You will know that I died trying to do the work 
to which Christ had called you, but which you had 
left undone." 

Lishokwani remembered the hero-pioneer whom 
he had heard as a boy. He went across the Kalahari 
desert. He returned worn and weary, so that they 
thought he could not live. Now the young men go 
where Lishokwani led, and are teaching others of 
the true way. 

It is the spirit of Livingstone the Pathfinder. 
The pioneer with his '' forward-tread " still leads 
men out to the service of Christ in the forests and 
villages of Africa and the world. The hero-scout 
sounds his reveille to our slumbering camps : 

With the sound of trumpet, 
Far, far off the daybreak call — hark ! how loud and clear I 

hear it sound. 
Swift ! to the head of the army ! — swift spring to your places. 
Pioneers ! O Pioneers ! 



INDEX 



INDEX 



Abram, 195 

Adventures, 135, 136 

Africa, 28; area, 167; Cen- 
tral, 70, 109, 136, 160, 182; 
Livingstone's field, 28; 
made known by Living- 
stone, 136; path to east 
coast, 70, 1 19-127; path to 
west coast, 70, 90-119; 
South, 35, 71, 201 

African, animals, 3, 5-7, s^, 
42-57, 112, 128, 142, 176; 
birds, 5, 57, 91, 129, 138, 
142, 143, 190, 191; boys, 
144, 148, 150, 159, 163., 191, 
200; children, see Children 
of Africa; deserts, see 
Desert; fever, see Fever, 
African; flowers, 6, 92, 
138; food, see Food; girls, 

2,7, 39, 52, 144, 148, 159, 
160, 178; hero-legends, 3, 
42; insects, 6, 92, 129, 143; 
maps, changed by Living- 
stone's work, 28; men, 51, 
59, 151, 161, see also 
Makololo; native workers, 
136; plain described by 
Moffat, 28; reptiles, 61, yj, 
91, 112, 142; slaves, see 
Slaves; whips, 53; women, 
see Women of Africa 
Africans, good qualities of, 
shown by Livingstone, 136 ; 
and by his bearers, 194-196 
Ajawa, the, 150, 151 
Algoa, town and bay, 34 
America. See United States 
American, the, 181 
Amoda, 195 



Anglo-Saxon, regard for 
Africans, 127, 144; unity in 
civilizing work, 189 

Animals. See African animals 

Antelopes, 5, 36, 56, 57, 142 

Ant-hill, a huge, 79 

Arab, settlement, 168 ; slave- 
traders, 82, 160-163, 171, 
175, 188 

4riel, the, 153, 154 

A.rm, Livingstone's, crushed 
by lion, 45 

*' Asthmatic," the, 139-149 

Atlantic Ocean, ZZ, 34, lOi 

B 

Babies, brown and white, 53, 
54, 56, 76; one of Living- 
stone's that died, 68 

Bakaa, the, 40, 41 

Bakhatla, the, 42-44, 51, 52 

Bakoba, the, 66 

Bakwena, the, 38, 53 

Bambarre, 177 

Bananas, 138, 186 

Bangweolo, Lake, 153, 170, 
192 

Banyan tree, 144 

Baraka, 166 

Barotse, the, 81, 91 

Batlea, the, 122 

Battle-ax, 69, 122 

Bazinka, the, name for Port- 
uguese, 123 

Beads, 38, 96, 113, I53, 171, 
186 

Bearers or carriers, 88, 165, 
190, 191-195 

Bennett, James Gordon, 186 

Bible, 29, 88; Livingstone's 
love of, 7, 92, 136, 181 



205 



2o6 



INDEX 



Birds. See African birds 

Blacksmith and carpenter, 
Livingstone as, 51 

Blantyre, Scotland, 11, 15-17, 
24, 28, 29 

Boers, the, 70, 75-77 

Bombay, 155, 156 

Bonfires, 46, 150 

Bows and arrows, 66, 113, 
191 

Boy scout names of patrols, 
38 

Britain, 151, 164, 182; Liv- 
ingstone's return visits to, 

130-137, 156 
British, commissioner, 107 ; 

cruiser and captain at 

Loanda, 106-108; consul, 

Livingstone a, 137 
Bubi, Chief, 38 
Buffaloes, 5, 54, 66, 176 
Burns, Robert, 12 
Bushmen, the, 57, 58, 66 
Bwana or master, 193, 194 



CaHco from Lawrence Mills, 

Lowell, 128 
Cambridge University, 149 
Camp-fire and camping 

scenes, 3-7, 35, 36, 77, 91, 

93, 94, 120 
Canals for irrigation, 5, 40, 

43, 54 
Canoes, 5, 59, 60. 66, 80, 81, 

90, 120-127, 130, 171, 178, 

186-189 
Cape of Good Hope, 34, 71 
Cape Town, 34, 72, 137, 151 
Cassange, 108-110 
Cat's-cradle, 39 
Charlie, Prince, 12 
Charms, 126 
Chibokwe, the, 95 
" Child of Loki," a stream, 

99 



Children of Africa, 39, 49-53, 

80, 115, 144, 162, 178, 187 
China, Livmgstone's first 

choice as a field, 22, 27 
Chipping Ongar, 26, 27 
Chitambo, Chief, 192 
Chitane, a dog, 161, 165 
Chitapangwa, Chief, 166 
Chobe river, 79, 88-90 
Chonuane, 53, 54 
Christ. See Jesus Christ 
Christmas, 108, 133, 188, 192 
Chumah, 170, 177, 188, 192- 

?95 
Clicks in Bushman language, 

57 

Cloth for trading, no, 128, 
153, 171, 186 

Clothes given men at Loanda, 
107, 114 

Clyde river, 11 

Coffee, 83, 91 

Convolvulus, the, 6, 7S 

Cooking, 35, 36 

Cotton cloth and goods, 83, 
128 

Cotton-mill in which Living- 
stone worked, 11, 15, 16 

Courage of natives, 39 

Covenanters, 13 

Cowardice of natives, 43 

Cows or cattle, wealth in, 

135 
Crimean War, no 
Crocodiles, 61, 91 
Crops, as a future prospect, 

92 
Cruelty of barbarous natives, 

39 

Crying overcome by African 

girls, 39 
Culloden, 12 



D 



Deserters, 164 

Deserts, 56, 60. See also 



INDEX 



207 



Kalahari desert, and Sa- 
hara desert 

Dhows, 160, 161, 163 

Dilolo, Lake, 114; Lord of. 

Discoveries. See Living- 
stone, discoveries 

Doctor-missionary treat- 
ments, 39, 40, 52 

Doctor of Laws, 135 

Donaldson, Captain, 33, 34 

Donkeys, 107 

Dragoons, in Scottish perse- 
cution, 13 



Flamingo, a vermilion, 91 
Flowers. See African Uowers 
Food, of Livingstone and his 

company, 36, 52, 77, 78, 92, 

93, 114, 125, 129, 138, 165, 

170, 192; of natives, 95, 

126, 178, 186 
Fording streams, 35 
Forests and trees, 60, 92, 93, 

108, 112 113, 137, 138, 142- 

144, 180, 186 
Fowls, 138, 178 
Freeing of slaves, 38, 150, 

162, 166 



East coast, 119, 130, i37, i53, 

195 
Edward VII, King, 135 
Elephants, 66, 67, 122, 123, 

128, 142, 143, 176; tusks of. 

See Tusks of elephants 
England, 36, 70, 130, 143, 

171, 182 
English, hunters, 43 ; lan- 
guage, 38, 130 
European trade as a benefit 

to Africa, 137 
Explorations, 152. See also 

Journeys of Livingstone in 

Africa 



Fear of witchcraft and 

demon-spirits, 43, 97, 109 
Ferry canoe, 113 
Fetish-huts, 98 
Fetishes, 98 
Fever, African, 67, 70, 100, 

105. 151, 187 
Fighting between tribes, 39, 

177 
Fishing, 186 
Flags of Great Britain and 

the United States, 181, 189 



Gabriel, Mr., 107 

Games and play of children, 

39, 65, 133, 148, 191 
Gardens, 5, 36, 37, 43, 51, 55, 

162 
Gardner, an attendant, 177 
George, King, 12 
George, the, 33, 34, 155 
Gipsy-tent, 88, 94, 100 
Giraffes, 190 

Glasgow, II, 24, 25, 29, 135 
God, as Father, 39, 93, 96, 

loi, no, 142; worship of, 

13, 52 

Great Britain, 14, 25 

Great White Leader, 3 

Guinea-fowl, 56 

Guns and revolver used by 
Livingstone, 42-46, 96, 100, 
III, 151; by natives, 94, 
95, III, 150, 161, 178 

Gutzlaff, 22 



H 



Hair of African and of white 
people, 54, 98 

Head-dresses, 80, 81 

Highland ancestry of Liv- 
ingstone, II, 12 



208 



INDEX 



Hippopotami, 3, 5, 78, 79, 88- 

90, 92, 186 
Houses built by Livingstone, 

40, 50-53 
Hunter, Gavin, 13 
Hunters, 43, 55, 81 
Hurricane, a, 154 
Hut built for Livingstone, 

193 
Hyenas, 57, 128 



Ibises, 91, 138 

Iguana, the, 91, 93 

Ilala, place of Livingstone's 

death, 192 
India, 155, 156 
Indian Ocean, 34, 70, 155 
Indians, East, 161 ; red, 133 
Insects. See African insects 
Ivory, 80, 83, 112, 186. See 

also Tusks of elephants 



Jackals, 57 

Javelins, 91, iii, 123, 126 

Jesus Christ, 72, 75, 124, 202; 
as a hero, 42 ; as a mis- 
sionary physician, 23 ; as 
one who loves, 53 ; Living- 
stone's allegiance to, 18, 23, 
72, 124 

Journeys of Livingstone in 
Africa, 34-36, 40-43, 56-61, 
66-71-80, 88-101, 107-115, 
1 19-130, 140-148, 148-152, 
160-172, 176-181, 191-194; a 
typical day, 90-94 

K 

Kalahari desert, 5, 39-41, 

56-58, 61, 77, 202 
Kassai river, 94, 113 
Kaw^awa, chief and people, 

113. 114 



Kazembe, 170 

Kitanda or hammock, 192 

Kolobeng, 54, 61, 70, 75, 76 

Kongo river, 112, 113, 176, 
191 

Kongone, the, mouth of Zam- 
bezi, 137, 138 

Kroomen, the, 154 

Kuruman, 36-38, 43, 50, 71, 
75, 76, 151 

Kwango river, 94 

Kwanza river, 94 



Lady Nyassa, the, 152-156 
"Lady of the Lake," 153 
Latin studied by Livingstone, 

16, 17 
Laughter of natives, 99, 114, 

189 
Lawrence Mills, Lowell, 128 
Lechulatebe, Chief, 56, 61 
Lekoa, a (an Englishman), 

126 
Lemon trees, 142 
Lepelole, 38, 39, 4i 
Letters, of Livingstone, 71- 

75, 142, 147, 171, 191; to 

Livingstone, no, 171, 182, 

188 
Libonta, 114 

Light Brigade, charge, no 
Linyanti, 70, 80, 88, 95, 97, 

143 

Lions, 3, 5, 42-44. 57, 77, 162, 
192 ; one attacking Living- 
stone, 4,. 43-46, 136 

Lishokwani, 201, 202 

Liverpool, 137 

Livingstone, Agnes, David's 
mother, 12, 13-16, 23, 24, 
28, 29, 134; his daughter, 
56, 61, 65-72, 133, 188 

Livingstone, David, arm 
crushed by lion, 4; Bible 
interest, 7, 29, 181 ; birth, 



INDEX 



209 



14; body carried to coast 
and taken to England, 194- 
196; boyhood, 4; brothers, 

4, 14, 17; building houses, 

5, 40; courage, fortitude, 
and patience in work and 
meeting trials, 42, 43, 55, 83, 
94-97, 105, 107, no, 124, 
142, 152, 165, 177; death, 
194; decision for mission- 
ary life-work, 23 ; destroy- 
ing the slave-traffic, 161, 
172, 176, 179; devotion to 
books and study, 16, 17, 
76, 88; digging canals, 5, 
40, 43, 54, 55; discoveries, 
60, 70, 121, 135, 144, . 168, 
169, 170, 178; educational 
work, 49-53 ; efforts against 
slavery and slave-trading, 
82, 83 ; enhsts as mission- 
ary, 25 ; evangelistic work, 
39, 41, 52, 53, 92 ; faithful- 
ness to African friends, 
107, 139; father, see Lw- 
ingstone, Neil; found and 
relieved by Stanley, 182- 
191; games played, 15, 133; 
grandfather and great- 
grandfather, 4, II, 12-14; 
healthy, strong body, 14; 
heart buried in Ilala, 194; 
home. 4, II, 12, 28, 29; 
honors in Great Britain, 
134, 135, 156; house de- 
stroyed, 76 ; hunger, 165 ; 
industrial work, 40, 50-53 ; 
journals, 76, 107, 108, 188; 
journeys, see Journeys of 
Livingstone in Africa; 
learning to take observa- 
tions, Z3, 34; love of boys, 
136 ; marriage, 50 ; medical 
and surgical work, 39, 52, 
55, 164; missionary work, 
42, see also educational, 
evangelistic, industrial, and 



medical and surgical work; 
mother, see Livingstone, 
Agnes; opening paths to 
coasts, 70, 90-115, 1 19-127; 
patience, 15, 76, yy, 166; 
perils, 6, 45, in, 123-125, 
135, 141, 142, 154-156, 179, 
180; prayers, see Prayer; 
preparation, 23-26; public 
work in Great Britain dur- 
ing visits home, 134-136, 
156; quest, 18, 23, 83, 194; 
recreation, 17; riding on 
ox-back, 42, 80; rescuing 
slaves, 2)7, _ 38, 150, 162, 166 ; 
scientific interest, 17, 60, 89, 
91, 92, 122, 124, 128, 129, 
134, 148, 163; sisters, 4, 
14, 29; student experiences, 
24-27; swimming, 99, 163; 
teaching, 5, 51-53; voyages, 

3Z, 34, 130-133, 137, 153- 
156; walkmg, 6, 17, 24-27, 
29, 162, 177; winning power 
with natives, 124-128, 141, 
142 ; work or spirit still go- 
ing on, 200-202 

Livingstone, Mrs., 50-56, 61, 
66-75, 137, 151 ; called Ma- 
Robert, 53 

Livingstone, Neil, David's 
father, 5, 12, 14, 23, 24, 29, 
134 

Livingstone, Robert, 53, 61, 
65-71, 133 

Livingstone, Thomas, 56, 61, 
65-71, 133, 142 

Livingstone, William Oswell, 
71, 133, 137 

Loanda, 94, 95, 101-107 

Loangwa river, 123-125 

London, 25, 26, 28, 133 

London Missionary Society, 
25, 28, 2>7, 137 

Lualaba river, 169, 176, 177 

Luama river, 177 



2IO 



INDEX 



Luapula river, 169, 178, 179, 

193, 195 
Lucalla river, 94 

M 

Mabotsa, 43, 49-52 

Mabruki, 195 

Mackenzie, Bishop, 149, 150, 

151 

Magic lantern, 88, 97 

Magnifying lens, 124, 125, 
129 

Magomero, 151 

Majwara, a boy, 194 

Makololo, chief, 3, 67 ; 
herald, 79; men with Liv- 
ingstone, 3, 4, 88, 97, IDS- 
ISO, 136, 139, 140, 144. 148- 
153, 165; people, 79, 80, 95, 
148; warriors, 3 

Makonde natives, 161 

Malonda (things for sale), 
138 

Mamochisane, 70, 80 

Manganja captives, 150 

Manyuema, 176, 179-181 

Maps of Africa, change in, 
28 

Marenga, Chief, 164 

Market, a native, 178 

Ma-Robert, name of Mrs. 
Livingstone, 53 

Ma-Robert, the, 137, 138 

Marriage of David Living- 
stone and Mary Moffat, 50 

Masebele, wife of Sechele, 76 

Mashauana, head boatman, 94 

Maunku, 70 

Mazitu chief, 164 

Mebalwe, 44, 45 

Medical and surgical work of 
Livingstone, 39, 40, 55, 164 

Medicine-cases, 88, 166 

Messengers, 56, 123 

Mikindany Bay, 160 

Mirage in the desert, 59 



Missionaries, 122, 147-149,. 

201 ; opening up Africa, 56,, 

60, 70 
Missionary native workers, 

136 
Missionary Travels, 134, 201 
Moffat, Mary, 50 
Moffat, Mrs. Robert, 50, 76 
Moffat, Robert, 28, 34, 36, 37,. 

50, 53, 71, 75, 137 

Mohammed Bogharib, 170 

Mohorisi, loi 

Molepolole, 201, 202 

Molilamo river, 192, 193 

Monkeys, 6, 56, 142 

Morumbwa Cataract, 140, 141 

Mosquitoes, 79, 142 

Mottoes or sayings of Liv- 
ingstone, 71, 76, 83, 191 

Mountains, 41, 60 

Mozambique, 153, 154 

Mozunga, a (a Portuguese), 
127 

Mpende, chief and village on 
Zambezi, 126, 127; near 
Lake Nyassa, 163 

Murchison Cataracts and 
Falls, 142, 143, 149, 152, 

153 
Murray, a hunter, 56 
Musa, one of Livingstone's 

men, 164 
Mvula trees, 186, 194 
Mweru, Lake, 169, 176 

N 

Neves, Captain, 108, 109 
New York Herald, 186, 191 
Ngami, Lake, 5, 60, 67 
Niagara Falls, 121 
Nile, question of source, 168, 

176, 191 
Njambi, Chief and village, 95 
" Nyaka," or " the doctor," 88 
Nyangwe, 178 
Nyassa, Lake, 143, 144, 151- 

153, 162, 168 



INDEX 



2ir 



O 



Ongar, 26, 27 

Opening paths to the coasts, 
70, 82, 83, 90-127 

Orange river, 35 

Orange trees, 142 

Ostrich egg-shells, 58 

Ostriches, 5, 57, ly 

Oswell, a hunter, 56, 68, 70 

Oxen, drawing wagons, 5, 35, 
52, 57, 59, 66, 67, 80; for 
food, 93, 94, 95, 97, ii3, 
119, 124; for riding, 5, 42, 
80, 95-99, 112, 113, 124 

Oxford University, 149 



Pack-ox, the, 42 

Paddles and punting-poles, 81 

Palms, 137, 138 

Palmyra tree, 92 

Pannikin or cup, 36, 91 

Pearl, the, 137, 138 

Pelicans, 143 

Pens for slaves, 162, 163 

People of the Crocodile, 38, 

53, '/d. See also Bakwena, 

the 
People of the Monkey, 43-45. 

See also Bakhatla, the 
Picho or council, 87 
Pineapples, 142 
Pioneer, the, 149-153 
Pioneers, spirit of, 37, 52, 83, 

202 
Pits to catch animals, 6y 
Pitsane, 113, 114 
Plants, 57, 112, 161 
Play-guns of African boys, 

191 
Poison test for witchcraft, 

109 
Poisoned arrows, 57, 141, 151, 

176 
Pomare, 38 



Pontoon, a, 78 

Portuguese, 95, 123, 125-127; 
commandants, 108 ; slave- 
trade, 94, 149 

Prayer, Livingstone's use of, 

7, 93, 94, loi, 194 
Presents, 97, 107, 108 
Psalm cxxi, 29 
Pungo Andongo, 108 



Q 



" Queen of the Wagon," 52 
Queen Victoria, 135, 143 
Quilimane, 130 



R 



Rafts, 5, 61 

Rain-making, 40 

Rains as barriers to travel,. 
100, 120, 192 

Reptiles. See African reptiles 

Rhinoceroses, 37, 54, 55, 128 

Rice, 138 

Riding on ox-back in Living- 
stone's travels, 41, 42, 80 

Rivers, 35, 60, 61, 66-70, 78, 
94, 168; dry beds of, 56, 

Robinson Crusoe referred to, 

51 
Rome, ancient, 200 
Rovuma river, 152. 161 



Sahara desert. 56 

Salmon caught by Living- 
stone, 17 

School work, 49-53 

Scotch, bonnet, 15 ; covenant- 
ing heroes, 4. 12, 13 

Scotland, 13, 28, 41 

Scout, Livingstone's spirit of 
a, 7, 17, 41, 78, 169 



212 



INDEX 



Sea, a wonder to the inland 

natives, loi 
Sebituane, Chief, 67, 69, 80 
Sechele, Chief, 53, 55, 70, 75 ; 

escape of wife, 76 
Sekeletu, Chief, 80, 81, 87-90, 

94. 95, 107, 119, 120, 130 
Sekwebu, 123, 125 
Serpents, '/'], 142 
Sesheke, 90 
Sheds in camping, 93 
Shereef, 181 
Shire river, 141-153, 164; 

Valley, 149 
Shirwa, Lake, 143 
Shobo, a Bushman guide, 68 
Shooting wild animals by 

Livingstone, because of 

danger or for food, 42-44, 

54, 78 
Shupanga, 138 
Sinbad, the riding ox, 98, 99 
Singing of natives, 5, 170, 

189, 190 
Skin, color of, used by Liv- 
ingstone to show his race, 
98, 123, 127, 188 
Slave, caravan, 170, 171, 177; 
dhows, 160; drivers, 150; 
market, 160; raiders, 165, 
175; sticks, 150, 162, 170; 
trade, 82, 83, 94, 112, 113, 
125, 137, 152, 160; traders, 
137, 149, 160, 178, 200; traf- 
fic, 156, 179; work of sup- 
pression, 107, 108, no, 191 
Slavery, 82, 125 
Slaves, yi, 38, 94, 95, I44, 
149, 150, 162, 163, 171, 176 
Sleeping, 4, 7, 2^, 36, 93 
Sleeping-blankets, 93, 100 
Soils shown by color of 

rivers, 92 
Soko, the, 176, 177 
Soldiers, Portuguese, 129 
■" Sounding Smoke," 121 
Spain, 14 



Spears, 113, 179 

Spies, 126 

Springboks, 36 

Spy-glass, 122 

Stanley, Henry Morton, 182, 

185-191 
Stars guiding Livingstone, 92 
Steamers excite wonder, 138 
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 

quoted, 65 
Stewart, Dr. James, 157, 201 
Susi, 169, 177, 181, 188, 192- 

195 
Swimming in Livingstone's 

journeys, 41, 99 
Swords of native warriors, 

95 



Tamunak'le river, 60, 69 

Tanganyika, Lake, 168, 170, 
176, 186-188, 191 

Taylor, Isaac, 2"] 

Tents, 186 

Tette, 127, 129, 139, 147, 148 

i hames river, 199 

Thanksgiving service, 114 

The Zambezi and Its Tribu- 
taries, 156 

Times, the, of London, no 

Tingane, Chief, 141 

Traders, 128; to open up 
Africa, 70 

Trekking in South Africa, 35, 

93 
Tribal names, 38 
Tselane, Makololo woman, 

148 
Tsetse fly, 67, 107, 119 
Tusks of elephants, 56, 83, 

94, 95, 128, 135 

U 

Ujiji, 168, 171, 179, 181, 189 
Ulva, island, 14 



INDEX 



213 



Umbrella in canoe, 93 
United States, 128, 181, 182 
University, addresses, 135, 

136; students, 135 
Unyanyembe, 188-191, 195 



Vapor, columns of, 120 
Veldt, the African, 34, 36 
Victoria Falls, 70, 121, 148 
Villages burned or deserted 

through slave raiders, 150, 

152, 162, 179 
Vlei, a v^ater-pit, 35 
Voyages of Livingstone. See 

Livingstone, voyages 

W 

Wagons, in African travel, 
35, 36, 52, 56-59, 66-68, 75, 
77-80 
Wainwright, Jacob, 192, 195 
"Wait-a-bit" thorns, 6 
Walking a feature of Living- 
stone's life, 6, 17, 24-27, 
29, 41, 162, 177 
Warriors, native, 3, 95, 150 
Wars among people in 

Africa, 124, 125 
Watch, Livingstone's, 100, 

124, 125, 193 
Water, need of and efforts to 
secure, 5, 35, 40, 43, 54, 
56-59, 66, 68, 69 



Water-antelope, 78 
Waterloo, battle of, 14 
Wells or water holes, 57, 66, 

68 
West coast, 90, loi, 105 
Westminster, Abbey, 25, 196, 

199, 200; Bridge, 199 
White Leader, 4 
White Man Who Would Go 

On, 5, 100 
White traders as a check to 

slavery, 137 
Whydah birds, 190, 191 
Wild beasts. See African 

animals 
Witchcraft, 39, 43, 97, 108, 

109 
Witch-doctors, 39, 46, 109 
Women of Africa, 51, 58, 

112, 115, 148, 150, 161, 178, 

186; aim not to cry, 39 



Y 



Young, proving Musa's story 
false, 164 



Zambezi, cataract, 140; falls, 
121; men, 152, 153, 164; 
river, 70, 81, 90-94, 114, 
1 19-120, 137-153; rapids, 139 

Zanzibar, 153, 154, 159, 160; 
cathedral, 200 

Zebras, 66, 191 

Zouga river, 59-61, 66, 69 



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